428 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



CHAPTER XI.— THE GENERATIVE ORGANS. 



Section 1. — Diseases of the Male Organs of Genera- 

 tion. 



The testes of the bull are well developed, and elongated 

 from above downwards. The vesiculse seminales are 

 glandular, and Cowper^s glands are absent, but the most 

 remarkable structure as compared with that of the horse is 

 the penis, which is very long and narrow, having a firm 

 external investment surrounding it, and a well-developed 

 band in the centre of the corpus cavernosum. Just behind 

 the scrotum the organ presents an S-shaped flexure, to the 

 posterior convexity of which are attached the retractor 

 muscles. The glans penis is fine and tapering; to the 

 sheath, at about opposite the umbilicus, run the retractor 

 muscles from behind, and circular fibres from in front 

 extend through the prepuce and are known as the pro- 

 tractors. A tuft of hair hangs down from the opening of 

 the prepuce. As in the case of the horse, early castration 

 prevents many of the generative disorders to which the 

 ox would otherwise be liable, while it also checks pug- 

 nacity and so lessens the frequency of injury. The 

 castrated male is more docile, forms better beef, and often 

 a larger body than the uncastrated ; the change induced 

 by the operation is, therefore, in every respect, beneficial. 

 The operation of Castration is performed by removal of 

 the generative glands, and various methods of performance 

 of this have been suggested. In India " mulling " 

 is the popular method. It is described by Mr. Richard 

 Poyser in the * Veterinary Journar (1875) as orchithlasis, 

 and depends upon breaking down the structures of the sper- 



