434 BOVINE PATHOLOGr* 



Phymosis is inability to protrude the penis, due generally 

 to contraction of tlie anterior part of the prepuce or to 

 disease of the glans. It may also result from excessive 

 accumulation of smegma. It is associated with certain 

 chronic inflammations of the sheath which result from 

 irritating discharges, in some of which there is extensive 

 ulceration of the surrounding parts. Usually there is an 

 impediment to the passage of urine, which trickles on to 

 the surrounding parts, and increases the extent of the 

 disease, which at first has an erythematous character. 

 Phymosis is less apt to occur in the ox than the horse, 

 because of the mobility of the prepuce in the former 

 animal, the pointed condition of the glans, and the great 

 freedom of movement of the penis. It requires to be treated 

 by fomentations to cleanse the parts, and manipulative 

 protrusion of the penis, which can generally be accomplished 

 after prolonged fomentation. Failing this, an incision may 

 be made into the sheath. If any morbid growths are on the 

 glans, they must be removed with the knife. The sur- 

 rounding parts will require to be protected with glycerine, 

 vaseline, or lard. 



Calculus of the Urethral Passage depends upon the 

 entry of a small stone from the bladder, its impactment, 

 and an impediment to the free flow of urine. Sometimes 

 the obstruction is complete, in other cases only partial. 

 In the latter, strangury is the most prominent sign, and 

 the symptoms are less urgent. In the former there is no 

 passage of urine, the urethral canal is distended to the 

 seat of calculus, and the over-distended bladder tends to 

 burst , this occurs and causes death in some cases. In one 

 the membranous portion of the urethra gave way, and 

 infiltration of urine into the surrounding tissues took 

 place and resulted in uraemia. The stone generally becomes 

 fixed against the flexure of the penis, and the presence of 

 this, as well as the smallness of the canal, is the cause of 

 the greater frequence of this disorder in the ox than the 

 horse ; also it is attributable to the fact that the food of 

 the former contains often an excessive amount of phos- 

 phates, which are liable to form deposits, especially around 



