446 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. -' 



effectual grasp of the protruding parts will be obtained 

 by rolling them round a piece of stick. Regularly applied 

 traction will often succeed in removing them, but some- 

 times it is necessary to introduce the greased hand into 

 the uterus and separate each cotyledon from its attachment 

 by a special peeling process. This measure should not be 

 resorted to until all chance of natural expulsion has passed. 

 Too forcible separation may give rise to haemorrhage. 

 Sometimes retention is seen after abortion, then, if left 

 alone, the membranes will pass off in due time. When 

 the foetal appendages commence to undergo decomposi- 

 tion there is a foetid discharge from the vulva, and typhoid 

 symptoms may be manifested. 



AfteE'PAins sometimes are present in cases of reten- 

 tion of the foetal membranes, of injury to the womb, and 

 even of the presence of an irritant in the intestines. 

 When birth has been completed the uterus tends to con- 

 tract, is checked in this to a certain extent during 

 passage of the membranes, but subsequently succeeds in 

 its efforts, and thereby tends to prevent haemorrhage, and 

 to return to something like its state before pregnancy. 

 Sometimes after-pains indicate incipient uterine inflam- 

 mation, but they generally yield to an antispasmodic dose. 

 We have on record one case of Placenta pe^via, in which 

 a cotyledon was situated over os uteri. 



H^MOEEHAGE PEE VULVAM is of two kinds, uteriixe and 

 vaginal or vulval. In either case it may depend upon 

 injury either from the foetus or from the instruments used 

 in extracting it. If is indicated by a constant trickling 

 of either arterial or venous blood from the external 

 opening, together with restlessness and increasing debility 

 of the patient. When the womb is affected the flow is 

 profuse, the passage painful, and the blood, when ex- 

 pelled, is clotted. The usual symptoms of haemorrhage 

 are present. The practitioner will generally find that the 

 application of cold water continuously to the loins, or cold 

 intra-uterine injections will excite contraction and check 

 haemorrhage, but sometimes it is necessary to make use 

 of the ordinary haemostatic measures. In the later 



