474 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



fore the truss or sutures tlirougli the labia must be used. 

 This lesion is sometimes chronic ; the lining membrane of 

 the organ becomes indurated. In such cases, since return- 

 ing is only effectual for a short time, amputation has been 

 tried with success, the operation being performed with 

 the hot iron or with the knife, the edges of the wounds 

 being united by sutures ; this measure is seldom 

 necessary. The prolapsus results from prolonged reten- 

 tion of the foetus in the vulvo-vaginal canal and dryness 

 of the passages. It is apt to give rise to dysuria from 

 pressure on the urethral orifice. 



Inveesion of the Bladder has been already mentioned 

 (see p. 343). We allude to it here to prevent the everted 

 organ being mistaken for a polypus. Its position is diag- 

 nostic, as also its form. 



Hernia uteri or Hysterocele is rare in the cow on 

 account of the large size of the organ. We have already 

 alluded {p. 281) to the cases in which it is seen in front 

 of the pubis. Such seldom interfere with parturition. 



Tumours in the Uterus. — Fibromata either highly vas- 

 cular or lowly organised, hence either soft or hard, and 

 generally pedunculated, have been found in the uterus of 

 the cow, attached to almost every part of it in the various 

 cases. When near the os, these may prevent parturition 

 by becoming fixed in the cervix, and the same may be 

 said of those from any part of the cavity, provided the 

 peduncle be sufficiently long. In such cases the tumour 

 must be returned into the uterine cavity so that extraction 

 of the foetus may be possible. Afterwards an attempt 

 must be made to remove the growth by means of the 

 ecraseur or ligature, the latter being most generally avail- 

 able. We have no record of malignant tumours in the 

 uterus, but in some cases the external os uteri is affected 

 by disease apparently of the nature of true cancer. 



Malformations of the Uterus are seen in. hermaphro- 

 dite heifers, which are generally sterile. 



Kupture of the Yagina or Yulva is somewhat frequent 

 in parturition. It also is sometimes due to introduction 

 of sticks and other rough instruments by boys and 



