480 BOVINE PATHOLOGY. 



assumes a chronic character, and there is a tendency to 

 induration, we must endeavour to break down the masses 

 of curdled milk in the gland by alkaline injections 

 through the teats, and constant attention to milking; and 

 we must endeavour to promote the removal of exuded 

 fibrinous matter in early cases by stimulating applications, 

 as soon as all active inflammation has subsided ; later, 

 by iodine ointments and iodide of potassium administered 

 internally. Throughout cases of mammitis the use of 

 food materials containing large quantities of milk-forming 

 elements should be avoided. In the early stages the calf 

 may be allowed the milk, but when this becomes mingled 

 with inflammatory products, and especially when gangrene 

 sets in, this fluid must be thrown away. During oestrum 

 and the first production of milk a congested condition of 

 the mammary gland has been observed. This is the 

 early stage of true mammitis, but the supervention of 

 inflammation may often be prevented by the timely with- 

 drawal of milk and fomentation. Mammitis is very seldom 

 seen in *"' dried cows ^' ('' drapes ''). 



Sore Teats — Erythema Mammillarum — has been 

 already mentioned (see '^Diseases of the Skin,^^ p. 349). 



Tumours on the Teats. — Warty growths are sometimes 

 seen on the teats; they interfere with milking, and are 

 liable to injury, but can be easily removed with the 

 knife, or by means of ligatures. 



Obstructions in the Teats are not rare; in milking 

 the animal they can be felt as nodules along the course 

 of the duct, and the flow will be more or less impeded. 

 These are either masses of curdled milk, small tumours 

 attached by pedicles to the mucous membrane, or Lac- 

 teal Calculi. These impediments to free flow tend to 

 produce mammitis, and must, therefore, be removed. This 

 is not always an easy matter, but, when not extracted, they 

 may be returnable to the galactophorous sinuses, where they 

 will often remain without causing inconvenience. 



Inflammation op the Lining Memrrane op the Duct, 

 occurring as a complication of mammitis, sometimes results 

 in stricture of the passage. This may be relieved by 



