INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 329 



Mean Annual Death Rates per 1,000 Males of Diferent Occupations in 



England and Wales, igoo-02 



Occupations 



Clerg3anen 



Physicians 



Schoolmasters 



Farm laborers 



Imikeepers 



Coal miners 



Tin miners 



Carpenters 



File makers 



Farmers 



Potters 



Fishermen 



Barristers 



General shopkeepers 



among the makers of matches, and many other industries take a 

 high toll of their operatives as is shown by Oliver in his Diseases 

 of Occupation and in his Dangerous Trades. 



Other bad effects are due not so much to the occupation itself 

 as to other circumstances associated with it, such as poor ventila- 

 tion, dust, liability to contagion, and incitement to intemperance 

 as is evinced by the high mortality of innkeepers and tavern 

 keepers in England. Undoubtedly one of the chief factors in 

 mortality is remuneration. Upon this depends the character of 

 the lodging occupied, the quality of food, proper medical atten- 

 dance during illness and many other advantages of a more in- 

 direct kind. Other things equal, in industry, the poorer the pay 

 the higher the death rate, although it is of course only a part of 

 the truth to say that the high death rate is because of the poor 

 pay. 



