FACTS ABOUT THE OEAKG-UTAN. 407 



ference between the males of the two species are strongly marked 

 and unmistakable, both extei*nally and anatomically, the females 

 are all very much alike in their external appearance, but readily 

 distinguishable by their skulls. 



Male specimens of Wurmbii are distinguished by their remarka- 

 ble cheek callosities, already described, which are observed in youn'j 

 as icell as old individuah, and also by the joining of the two tem- 

 poral ridges on the top of the skull to form an elevated sagittal 

 crest, of varying height. In females and young males the temporal 

 ridges subside to the level of the skull either at or before meeting in 

 front of the parietal suture, and are continued backward in a rough 

 line, almost to the lambdoidal crest. 



In the skull of the male mtyrus the temporal ridges pass back- 

 ward and slightly converge, but still remain widely separated until 

 they diverge again at the back of the skull and rise to form the 

 lambdoidal crest. The skull of the female shows no continuous 

 elevated ridges, but a rough line instead, which scarcely rises above 

 the level of the skull. Xo female skull in the collection made by me 

 possesses either the two continuous temporal ridges or the elevated 

 sagittal crest, but the rough lines correspond to the elevated ridges 

 of the males of their respective s^jecies in evei-y case, and leave their 

 identity unmistakeable. 



Orangs are liable to possess individual peculiarities to a gi-eater 

 extent than perhaps any other of the apes or monkeys. To illus- 

 trate : No. 26, Simla Wurmbii, with a very prominent cranial ritlge, 

 was utterly destitute of facial callosities or any signs of them, and 

 until dissection, was supposed to be a satyrus. No. 13 had a nail on 

 the hallux of its hinder hands. No. 21 had four molars in each side 

 of its lower jaw, while the other forty-two orangs had only three 

 each. The distance between the temporal ridges of satyrus, and the 

 elevation of the sagittal crest of Wurmbii, varies greatly in different 

 specimens. 



"We will not say anything about the place the orang has in the 

 long chain of evolution ; but, while abstract argument leads hither 

 and thither, according as this or that writer is most ably gifted for 

 the same, there is still one argument or influence to which every 

 true nat\iralist is amenable, and which no one will ignore who has 

 studied, from nature, any group of typical forms. Let such an 

 one (if, indeed, one exists to-day) who is prejudiced against the 

 Dai'winian views, go to Borneo. Let him there watch from day 

 to day this strangely human form in all its various phases of exist- 



