36 FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
46. Pimephales notatus Rarinesque. 
The Blunt-nosed Minnow. 
The blunt-nosed minnow has a moderately elongate body and a slender caudal 
peduncle. The head is somewhat conical with a short and blunt snout. The great- 
est depth of the body nearly equals length of head, and is two-ninths of total length 
without caudal. The leastdepth of the caudal peduncle equals about one-half of the 
greatest depth of body. The snout is as long as the eye, and one-fourth as long as 
the head. The mouth is very small, inferior, nearly horizontal, the maxilla reach- 
ing to below the anterior nostril and provided with a short, thick, somewhat club- 
shaped barbel. The dorsal origin is slightly behind the ventral origin and over the 
seventeenth scale of the lateral line. The dorsal base is two-thirds as long as the head, 
and about equal to the longest dorsal ray. The ventral origin is under the sixteenth 
scale of the lateral line; the fin does not reach to the vent. The anal origin is under 
the twenty-seventh scale of the lateral line; the base of the anal is two-fifths as long 
as the head, and the longest ray is equal to postorbital part of the head. The caudal 
is moderately large and forked. The lateral line curves very slightly downward as 
far as the ventral origin, and then follows straight along the median line; it is com- 
plete. D.i, 8; A.i,7; V.8; P. 15; scales, 6-42 to 45-5; teeth, 4-4. Length of speci- 
mens described, three inches. Color in spirits light brown; the fins, except the 
dorsal, paler. <A black spot about as large as the eye on the front of the dorsal. In 
life the sides are bluish. Breeding males have the black on the dorsal continued 
backward on the membrane covering the rays and the head black, while the snout 
has about fourteen to seventeen large pointed tubercles. A dusky shade sometimes 
present at base of caudal. : 
The blunt-nosed minnow is a larger species than the fat-head, reach- 
ing a length of four inches, and its range extends from Quebec to 
Delaware, west to Kansas and south to Mississippi. It differs from the 
fat-head in having a complete lateral line, but the sexual differences in 
this species are similar to those in the fat-head. The males in spring 
have the head black and the snout with many large tubercles. The 
species is extremely variable and changes greatly with age. It fre- 
quents small and muddy streams, and its food consists of decaying 
vegetable matter. , 
Genus EXOGLOSSUM Rarinesaque. 
47. Exoglossum maxillingua (Le Sueur). 
The Cut-lips or Chub. (igure 36.) 
The cut-lips has a stout, short and thick body, its greatest height nearly equal to 
the length of the head, and one-fourth of the total without caudal. The caudal pe- 
dunele is short and deep, its least depth about one-half head. The snout is short 
and obtusely conical, its length somewhat greater than the eye, and nearly equal to 
one-third of the head. The maxilla reaches to below the nostrils, its length equal- 
ling that of the snout. Head four and one-fifth in total to base of caudal. The dor- 
sal origin is nearly over the anal origin, and in the vertical through the twenty- 
third seale of the lateral line. The dorsal base is about one-half as long as the head, 
and its longest ray equals twice the distance from the dorsal origin to middle of 
eye. The pectoral is about as long as the iongest dorsal ray, and the ventral reaches 
to the anal origin. The base of the anal is one-half as long as the longest anal ray. 
The caudal is moderately forked. D. 8; A. 7; scales, 9-54-6; teeth, 1, 4-4, 1. Length 
of specimen described, four and three-fourths inches, from Tacoma, D. C. Color 
