FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 37 

brown or olivaceous, darker above; a short and narrow dark bar above root of pec- 
toral ; young with a dusky bar at the caudal base. Fins dusky, their extremities 
pale. 
The cut-lips may be readily distinguished by the three-lobed lower jaw, the den- 
tary bones being closely united and the lower lip represented by a fleshy lobe on 
each side of the mandible. 
The chub is known as cut lips, butter chub, nigger chub and day - 
chub. It is a very common species in the Susquehanna and its tribu- 
taries, and is considered a good pan fish. Its range is not extensive, 
reaching only from western New York to Virginia. It grows to a length 
of six inches, and may be at once distinguished from all of the other min- 
nows by its three-lobed lower jaw.. It is believed that this singular 
structure of the mouth enables the fish to scrape mollusks from their 
hold on rocks, as its stomach usually contains small shell fish. The 
chub bites readily at a baited hook, and is therefore highly prized by 
boys. 
Genus NOTROPIS Rarrnesave. 
48. Notropis bifrenatus (Cope). 
The Bridled Minnow. 
[Hybopsis bifrenatus CoPprE, Cypr. Pennsylvania, 1866, page 384. ] 
“Color above straw, the scales delicately brown-edged, below impure white, with 
a narrow black line along base of anal fin to caudal. Along each side from caudal 
fin around the end of muzzle, including the end of the mandible, a shining black 
band oneand one-half scales in width. This is bordered above on the muzzle, form- 
ing an are from orbit to orbit, by an orange band, which is strongly margined above 
by the brown of the top of the front. Opercular and suborbital regions below the 
black band, pure silvery. 
Front convex between the orbits; length of muzzle equal diameter of iris band 
and pupil, sometimes nearly equal orbit. Iris colored in continuation of the lateral 
band. The lateral line rarely extends half way to the dorsal fin, while the pores of 
the same may be observed at the bases of the scales for half the remaining length of 
the animal. Length of the largest specimen, nineteen lines; breadth of muzzle at 
nares one and five-tenth lines. Radii of the scales strong.”’ 
This little minnow has no common name, and it attains to a length of 
only two inches. It is found from Massachusetts to Maryland, and in 
the tributaries of the Delaware it is abundant. The body is light olive 
or sometimes straw-colored, and there is a jet black band along the side, 
making this a very conspicuous little fish. It is a useful bait for game 
fishes, particularly the black bass. 
49. Notropis procne (Core). 
The Shiner. 
This little minnow has a short, slender and comptessed body and a very slender 
caudal peduncle. The greatest depth at the dorsal origin equals the length of the 
head, which is about one-fourth of the total without caudal. In some described 
specimens the head is contained four and three-fourths times and the depth of the 
body five and one-fourth times in the total length without caudal. The snout 1s 
