42 FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

caudal ; its width equals one-half of its length, and the width of the space between 
the eyes equals two-fifths length of head. The dorsal origin is over, and the ventral 
origin under the thirteenth scale of the lateral line. The dorsal base is as long as 
the postorbital part of the head, and the longest ray is as long as the head without 
the snout. The ventral reaches nearly to the vent, which is under the twenty-first 
scale of the lateral line. The pectoral reaches to below the ninth or tenth scale of 
the lateral line. The anal base is nearly one-half as long as the head, and its longest 
ray is a little more than one-half length of head. The caudal is moderate and well 
forked. The lateral line has a very shallow downward curve over the pectoral. D. 
ii, 7; A. ii, 6or7; V. 8; P. 14; scales, 5-36 to 37-33 ; teeth, 2, 4-4, 1 (according to 
Forbes, 1, 4-4, 1, in a specimen studied), all hooked. In spirits the body is pale 
yellowish brown ; a broad, silvery median band, and a faint dusky line along the 
edge of the back ; a triangular or spear-shaped dark spot on the vertex ; fins all pale, 
but the dorsal is sometimes finely spotted. The specimens described are two and 
one-fourth inches long. 
This small minnow, attaining to a length of three inches, is recorded 
by Dr. Jordan from Pennsylvania to Kansas. In Pennsylvania it oc- 
curs only in the Ohio river basin. The species is too small to be im- 
portant, except as food for larger fishes. 
56. Notropis scabriceps Corr. 
The Rough-headed Shiner. 
The rough-headed shiner has a stout body, its greatest height contained four and 
one-fourth times in the total length without the caudal, and its thickness one-half 
the length of the head. The least depth of the caudal peduncle is two-fifths of the 
greatest depth. The head, one-fourth of total without caudal, is short and thick, 
with a short, obtuse snout, the latter being two-thirds as long as the eye, which is 
two-fifths to one-third as long asthe head. The mouth is obliquely placed, moderate 
in size, the maxilla reaching nearly to below the front of the eye, the jaws equal, 
The origin of the dorsal is over, and of the ventral under the twelfth scale of the 
lateral line. The dorsal base is as long as the postorbital part of the head ; the long- 
est ray is more than twice as long as the last ray, and as long as the head without 
the snout. The ventral reaches nearly to the vent, its length nearly two-thirds that 
of the head. The anal origin is under the twenty-first scale of the lateral line; the 
anal base is aslong as the eye, the longest anal ray is two-thirds as long as the head. 
The pectoral is as long as the head without the snout. The caudal is rather large 
and well forked. The lateral line is gently decurved in the first half of its length. 
D. ii, 7; A. ii, 7; V. 8; P. 15; scales, 6-38-4; teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, strongly hooked. Color 
pale brown with a broad silvery area on sides, and a lateral band made up of dusky 
specks, this continued on the snout. The name scabriceps (rough-headed) refers 
to the tuberculate condition of the head in breeding males. 
The length of the specimen described, No. 36,655, United States National Museum, 
from Rolling Fork, New Haven, Ky., is two and one-half inches. 
The rough-headed shiner has been found in the Kanawha, and will 
probably be found in other tributaries of the Ohio. The name is in al- 
lusion to the prickles developed on the head of males in the breeding 
season in spring. 
57. Notropis ardens Cort. 
The Red-fin. (Fiqure 38.) | 
The red-fin has a moderately elongate and compressed body, with a slender caudal 
peduncle. The greatest depth equals two-ninths of the total length to base of caudal, 
and the least depth of the caudal peduncle is equal to or less than one-half of great- 
