FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 43 

est depth of body. The head is moderate in size, its length contained four to four 
and one-fourth times in the total to base of caudal. The snout is pointed, its length 
about one-third that of the head. The lower jaw projects slightly beyond the upper. 
The maxilla reaches beyond the front of the eye, and in one example nearly to the 
front of the pupil. The eye is nearly one-third as long as the head, and is equal to 
the distance between the eyes. The mouth is moderately oblique. The dorsal ori- 
gin is over the eighteenth and the ventral origin under the fifteenth scale of the lat- 
eral linc. The dorsal base is one-half as long as the head, and the longest dorsal ray 
is as long as the head without the snout. The ventral reaches to the vent, and the 
pectoral to below the sixteenth scale of the lateral line. The length of the anal base 
equals one-seventh of total length to base of caudal, and the longest anal ray is two- 
thirds as long as fhe head. The caudal is moderate in size and deeply forked. The 
lateral line curves moderately downward in the first half of its length. D.1i,7; A. 
ii, 9; V. 8; P. 13; scales, 9-46 to 50-5; teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, the two middle ones with a 
small hook and narrow grinding surface. Length of the specimens described, twoand 
one-half inches. In spirits the body is light brown ; a broad silvery median band ; 
abdomen golden; a small black blotch at the origin of the dorsal; fins all pale. 
Breeding males are steel blue with the belly and lower fins brick red, whence the 
Latin name ardens, burning. In a male two and one-half inches long the top of the 
head and snout is covered with small, pointed tubercles. 
The red-fin is found from Minnesota to Tennessee; east of the Alle- 
ghenies its southern limit is Virginia. In Pennsylvania it is limited to 
the tributaries of the Ohio. The red-fin attains to a length of three 
and one-half inches. The sexes are conspicuously different in color, es- 
pecially in the breeding season. The male has the fins brick red in 
spring, and the upper surface of its head is covered with many whitish 
tubercles. The species has a large black spot at the base of the front 
portion of the dorsal fin. 
The red-fin delights in small clear streams. 
58. Notropis photogenis Cope. 
The White-eyed Shiner. 
The white-eyed shiner has a slender and rather thick body, with a long and low 
caudal peduncle. The greatest depth is contained five to five and one-half times in 
the total length to the caudal base, and the least height of the caudal peduncle 
equals one-half of greatest depth of body. The head is moderate in size, with short 
conical snout and the mouth oblique. The jaws are equal in length; the slender 
maxilla reaches to below the front of the eye, and the margin of the upper jaw is pro- 
vided with minute tooth-like asperities. The snout is nearly as long as the eye, and 
two-seventhsaslong asthehead. Theeyeisthree-tenthsas longasthe head. The width 
of the head equals one-halfits .ength. The distance between the eyes equals one of 
their diameters. The dorsal origin is over the sixteenth scale of the lateral line, and 
the ventral origin under the twelfth. The dorsal base is one-half, and the longest 
ray nearly three-fourths as long as the head. The anal origin is slightly behind the 
end of the dorsal base and under the twentieth seale of the lateral line; the base is 
two-thirds as long as the head, and the longest ray equals the combined length of 
snout and eye. The ventral reaches nearly to the vent, and the pectoral to the elev- 
enth scale of the lateral line. The caudal is rather small and deeply forked. The 
lateral line curves deeply over the pectoral, and does not become median until near 
the base of the caudal. D. ii, 7; A. iii, 10; V. 8; P. 14; scales, 7-41-4; teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, 
three of those in the principal row hooked. Color in spirits pale yellowish brown ; 
a silvery lateral band as wide as the eye is long; cheeks silvery ; fins all pale;a 
faint dark liné along the outline of the back. The specimens described are two and 
