44 FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 


three-fourths inches long, No. 30,447, United States National Museum. The eye is 
large and white, whence the name white-eyed shiner. Breeding males in spring 
have the head covered with minute prickles. 
The white-eyed shiner occurs in the Allegheny region from Pennsy]l- 
vania to North Carolina. It is a very common fish, and varies with lo- 
cality. The species reaches a length of only three inches. 
59. Notropis dilectus Grirarp. 
The Rosy-faced Minnow. 
The rosy-faced minnow has the body moderately long and thin, with a short and 
deep caudal peduncle. The greatest depth of the body equals one-fourth, and the 
least depth of the peduncle one-eighth of the total length to base of caudal. The 
head is moderate in size; its width one-half of its length, which is one-fourth of the 
total to base of caudal. The snout is pointed and shorter than the eye, which is one- 
fourth to two-sevenths as long as the head, and equal to the distance between the 
eyes. The mouth is oblique and the lower jaw projects slightly ; the maxilla reaches 
nearly to below the front of the pupil. The dorsal origin is over the fifteenth, and 
the ventral origin under the twelfth scale of the lateral line. The base of the dorsal 
is one-half as long as the head, and the longest dorsal ray equals the length of the 
head without the snout. The ventral reaches to the vent, which is under the eight- 
eenth scale of the lateral line. The anal base is as long as the snout and eye com- 
bined, and the longest anal ray is two-thirds as longasthe head. The caudal is mod- 
erate in size, and deeply forked. The lateral line curves gently downward over the 
pectoral. UD. ii, 7; A. ii, 8; V, 8; P. 13;-scales, 6-36-4; teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, hooked. The 
specimens described are two inches long. In spirits the body is pale brown; a sil- 
very shade alung the median line ; the head silvery except above ; belly golden ; fins 
all pale. In life the upper parts are olive green and the sides silvery. Males in the 
breeding condition in spring have prickles on the snout and the forehead, gill covy- 
ers and dorsal base with a rosy flush. The name dilectus means delightful. 
The rosy-faced minnow, although reaching a length of only three 
inches or less, is a very beautiful fish. It is abundant in the Ohio val- 
ley and extends westward to Nebraska. This is the Alburnellus rubri- 
frons of Cope. 
60. Notropis atherinoides Rarrnesqve. 
The Emerald Minnow. 
The emerald minnow or rosy minnow has a long and thin body and the caudal 
peduncle moderately short and deep. The greatest depth of the body is contained 
four and three-fourths to five and one-half times in the total length to caudal base; 
the least depth of the caudal peduncle is contained eleven and one-half times in the 
same length. The greatest width of the body is one-half its height. The head is of 
moderate size, its length two-ninths of the total to caudal base. The snout is short 
and somewhat pointed, its length one-fourth that of the head. Eye large, about 
three and one-fourth times in length of head. Mouth oblique, moderate, the max- 
illa reaching front of eye. The dorsal origin is midway between the eye and the 
base of the caudal, over the seventeenth scale of the lateral line. The base of the fin 
is two-fifths as long as the head, and the longest ray equals the length of the head 
without the snout. The ventral origin is under the thirteenth scale of the lateral 
line, and the fin scarcely reaches to below the end of the dorsal base. 'The pectoral 
reaches to below the eighth or ninth scale of the lateral line. The anal origin is 
under the twenty-fourth scale of the lateral line; the base is one-half as long as the 
head, and the longest ray equals the snout and eye combined. The caudal is rather 
