FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 47 
and provided with a small barbel at each end. The maxilla reaches to below the 
posterior nostril. The dorsal origin is above the twenty-third scale of the lateral line 
and the ventral origin is under the twentieth. The dorsal base is one-half, and the 
longest ray four-fifths as long as the head. ‘The ventral reaches a little beyond the 
vent and almost to the anal origin. The pectoral reaches nearly or quite to the ori- 
gin of the ventral, being longerin males. The anal origin is under the thirty-fourth 
scale of the lateral line and a little behind the end of the dorsal. The anal base is 
one-half, and the longest ray three-fourths as long as the head. The caudal is com- 
paratively large and well forked. The lateral line drops gently downward in a short 
curve over the pectoral and becomes median over that fin. D. ii, 7; A. ii, 6; V. 8; 
P. 12; scales, 18-57 to 65-10; teeth 2, 4-4, 2; three of the principal row hooked. 
Length of the specimens described, No. 8505, United States National Museum, three 
and one-half inches. In spirits the color is brown mottled with grayish ; the under 
surface of head sharply defined and pale; the fins all pale. Breeding males in 
spring have the lips, cheeks and lower fins crimson. There is no distinct lateral 
band. 
The long-nose dace or Niagara gudgeon is found in New England and 
the Middle States, and in the Great Lake region, in clear cold water. 
In Pennsylvania, according to Cope, it is limited to the rapids and swift 
waters of the eastern part of the state. It grows to a length of five 
inches. ‘The sides are without the black lateral band, which is character- 
istic of the black-nosed species. The general color is olivaceous or dark 
green with the lower parts paler. The back is nearly black. Some of 
the scales are mottled with dark and olivaceous. The young have a trace 
of a dusky lateral band. The spring males have the fins, lips and 
cheeks crimson. ‘The long-nosed dace frequentsrapids and rocky pools, 
and is associated in mountain regions of eastern Pennsylvania with the 
brook trout. Its movements are swift and powerful and it is a very 
shapely little fish. As a bait for the black bass it is scarcely surpassed. 
64. Rhinichthys atronasus Mrrcatt. 
The Black-nosed Dace. (Figure 39.) 
The black-nosed dace has a moderately long and stout body, with a broad back, 
and rather small conical head. The greatest depth of the body iscontained four and 
one-fourth to four and one-half times in the total length without caudal. The least 
depth of the caudal peduncle equals one-half greatest depth of body. The head 
is one-fourth as long as the fish to caudal base; its width is about one-half its 
length and the snout nearly one-third to two-sevenths. The eye is as long as the 
snout and much less than width of interorbital space. The mouth is small, slightly 
oblique and with nearly equal jaws ; the maxillary barbel small or wanting; the 
maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the posterior nostril. The dorsal origin is 
nearer to root of caudal than to tip of snout, over the twenty-sixth scale of the lateral 
line. The length of the base is contained two and one-third timesin that of the head, and 
the longest ray equals length of head without snout. The ventral origin is slightly 
in advance of the dorsal origin and the fin extends to the vent. The pectoral 
reaches to the sixteenth scale of the lateral line. In *breeding males it is greatly 
thickened. The anal origin is behind the end of the dorsal base, under the thirty- 
fourth scale of the lateral line; the fin is variable in length with sex and age, some- 
times five-sixths as long as the head. The caudal is small and not deeply forked. 
The lateral line curves downward over the pectoral, soon becoming median. D. ii, 
6or 7; A. ii, 6; V.8; P. 11; scales 10-56 to 63-10; teeth 2, 4-4, 2, three of the princi- 
pal row strongly hooked. Length of the specimens decribed, No. 33,984, United 
