48 FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

States National Museum, two and five-eighths to three inches. In spirits the upper 
parts are brown and are separated from the silvery lower parts by a dark lateral 
band, as wide as theshort diameter of the eye and continued on the snout. Breed- 
ing males in spring have the lateral band and the lower fins crimson, running into 
orange insummer. In the young the dark median band extends on the tail fin. 
The black-nosed dace or ‘‘rock fish” is represented in our waters by 
two forms, one of which is found in the eastern portion of the Great 
Lake region and from Maine to Virginia; this is replaced in the upper 
lake region and in the Ohio valley, southward to Georgia and Alabama 
by the blunt-nosed variety, Rhinichthys obtusus of Agassiz. In Penn- 
sylvania both forms occur, the blunt-nose being limited to the Ohio 
valley. This is the brown-nosed dace of Professor Cope. It is stouter 
than the black-nosed dace of the eastern portion of Pennsylvania and 
paler in color. The black-nosed dace reaches a length of three inches. 
This fish prefers clear small brooks. Swift and active in its movements 
and beautiful in colors, it is one of the most interesting inhabitants of 
the waters in which it lives. 
Genus HYBOPSIS Aaassiz 
65. Hybopsis dissimilis (Krrrianp). 
The Spotted Shiner. 
The spotted shiner has a long and slender body, its greatest depth being nearly 
one-fifth of the total length without the caudal. The caudal peduncle is long and 
low, its least depth two-fifths of greatest depth of body. The width of the body equals 
two-thirds of its depth. The head is moderately large, its length one-fourth of the 
total without the caudal. The snout is long, but obtusely rounded at the point, its 
length one and one-half times the diameter of the eye, which is two-sevenths the 
length of the head. The mouth is small, inferior, horizontal, the maxilla reaching 
to below the anterior nostril and with asmall barbel at its hind end. The gill-open- 
ings are separated by a very broad isthmus. The dorsal begins over the sixteenth 
scale of the lateral line and slightly in advance of the ventral; the dorsal base is 
one-half as long as the head ; the longest ray is as long asthe head without the snout; 
the last ray is as long as the snout. The ventral reaches to the vent, its length one- 
seventh of the total without the caudal. The pectoral reaches to below the thirteenth 
seale of the lateral line. The anal origin is under the twenty-seventh scale of the 
lateral line; the anal base is short, equalling the diameter of the eye; the longest 
ray is as long as the ventral; the last ray is one-third as long as the head. The cau- 
dal is moderately large and deeply forked, the middle rays one-half as long as the 
external rays. The lateral line is nearly straight and median. D. ii, 8; A. ii, 6; V. 
7; P. 15; scales, 6-43-5; teeth, 4-4, hooked and with a short grinding surface. In 
spirits the back is brown, the lower parts are whitish and the sides are broadly 
striped with silvery. In life the lateral stripe is bluish and overlaid with dusky 
spots, and is continued forward through the eye around the snout. The fins are 
pale. The specimen described, No. 36,746, United States National Museum, from 
White river, Indiana, is threg and one-half inches long. 
The spotted shiner occurs in the Great Lake region and Ohio valley, 
southward to Kentucky, and west to Iowa. It is abundant in creeks of 
western Pennsylvania. This species grows to a length of six inches, 
and derives its name of spotted shiner from the bluish band aiong the 
sides which is interrupted so as to form spots. The sides are bright 
