. 
FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 53 

eye is large, placed high, a little longer than the snout, and one-third as long as the 
head. The mouth is large and oblique, the maxilla reaching to below the front edge 
of the pupil. The dorsal origin is slightly behind the ventral origin, and imme- 
diately over the nineteenth scale of the lateral line. The dorsal base is one-half as 
long as the head; the longest ray is five-sixths as long as the head and twice as long 
as the last ray. The ventral reaches to the anal origin, its length equalling the head 
without the snout. The pectoral almost reaches the ventral origin. The caudal is 
moderate in size and deeply forked. ‘The lateral line begins on the level of the top 
of the eye, and is abruptly decurved on the first eleven scales, after which it runs 
straight to the root of the caudal, being far below the median line above the 
ventral origin. D. iii, 7; A. iii, 7; V. 8, P. 15; scales, 10-49-5; ‘‘teeth, 2, 5-4, 2,” 
slightly hooked. Color in spirits brown above, yellowish brown below; a broad, 
dusky lateral band, not running through the eye, but continued on the snout. In 
life the dusky lateral stripe is bounded above by a narrow pale streak. Breeding 
males have the belly and under surface of head red. The specimen described, No. 
39,293, United States National Museum, from Four Mile Run, Va., is three and one- 
third inches long. 
The rosy dace is found from Pennsylvania to North Carolina. It is 
common in the Susquehanna basin, but less so in tributaries of the Del!- 
aware. Prof. Cope described this as the most brilliantly colored fish 
found in Pennsylvania. 
72. Phoxinus margaritus (Cope). : 
The Pearl Minnow. 
[Clinostomus margarita Corr. Cypr. of Pennsylvania, 1866, page 377. ] 
“The muzzle obtuse, mouth oblique, scarcely attaining the line of the anterior 
margin of the orbit. Head four times in body to base of caudal fin, equal to great- 
est depth. Eye three-fourths its diameter from end of muzzle, and equal postero- 
inferior margin of operculum. Scales less exposed on anterior than on posterior re- 
gions: 11-58-8 to 9. The lateral line is discontinued 5-8 scales anterior to the caudal 
fin. Pharyngeal teeth slender, 2, 5-4, 2. Dorsal originating behind origin of ventrals, 
1.8, C. 19. A. 1.8. V. 8, extending three-fourths from their origin to the anus; P. 17, 
reaching two-thirds way to ventrals. 
“From origin caudal to that of first dorsal ray, 121.; from latter to opposite pos- 
terior margin orbit, 9.51.; from same to end of muzzle, 13.51.; base first anal ray to 
base of caudal, 81.; end muzzle to base ventrals, 121.; total length, 2 in. 6 lin. 
“Coloration above light olive, without dorsal line, but darker shade at origin dor- 
sal fin, with aminute slaty dusting, and a few lateral speckles of the same. Sides to 
half-way above the lateral line with opercula, plumbeous silvery; below bright’ 
crimson (in midsummer) to lower margins of pectoral and ventral fins; median 
line below, straw-colored. Muzzle blackish ; fins unspotted.”’ 
The pearl minnow is limited to the Susquehanna river and its tribu- 
taries. It is a stout-bodied little species, growing to a length of only 
three inches. 
Genus NOTEMIGONUS Rarrnesaue. 
73. Notemigonus chrysoleucus (Mircuitr). 
The Roach. (igure 42.), 
The body of the roach is compressed, the back elevated and the head depressed 
and very small. The depth of the body is one-third of the total length without the 
