FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 85 

on the head about equal to the average of those on the body. Scales on the cheeks 
in about three longitudinal rows; about twelve rows between dorsal origin and 
nape. The pectoral in both sexes equals the distance from the middle of the eye to 
the end of the head. The ventral and anal are longer in the male than in the fe- 
male. In the male the ventral is one-half as long as the head, in the female only 
about two-fifths of the head. The longest anal ray of the male equals four-fifths of 
the length of the head, while in the female it is scarcely more than one-half as long 
as the head. The dorsal of the male is differently shaped from that of the female, 
its last rays being nearly as long as the longest, while in the female the last ray is not 
much more than one-half length of longest ray. D. 13-14; A. 11. Scales 35, 15. 
The sexes may be at once distinguished by their difference in color, the female 
having several narrow lateral stripes, while the male has distinct cross-bands, vary- 
ing from twelve to twenty in number. In the male the sides and upper parts are 
dark olivaceous. The sides are silvery, lower parts a beautiful yellowish green ; the 
sides are also marked by a varying number of dark bands, the width of which varies 
also; a large black spot on the operculum. The dorsal is olivaceous with a black 
blotch, sometimes circular in form, on the last three or four rays. The pectorals are 
yellowish; ventrals yellowish green; anal olivaceous; caudal orange. In the fe- 
male the lower parts are white, upper parts olivaceous and along the sides is a me- 
dian dark band and below this two short interrupted dark stripes. Two or more short 
transverse dark bars on the caudal peduncle. 
The striped killifish, also known as the banded or striped mummi- 
chog, bass mummy, bass fry, Mayfish, yellowtail and New York gudgeon, 
is the largest member of its family known on our eastern coast. Its 
range extends from Cape Cod to Florida. In Pennsylvania, Professor 
Cope states that it probably ascends the Delaware as far as the boun- 
dary of the state, and we see no reason to doubt its occurrence even in 
fresh water. 
The female is usually larger than the male and examples measuring 
eight inches in length have been recorded. It swarms in shallow bays 
and salt marshes, and although not used as food it is extremely import- 
ant for the subsistence of economic species and is also extensively used 
for bait. The name bass mummy, applied to the species on Long 
Island, refers to its use in the capture of striped bass. The species 
breeds in summer and the young are abundant in shallow water among 
eel grass and other aquatic plants. 
97. Fundulus diaphanus (Le Sueur.) 
The Barred Killifish. 
The body is moderately slender and elongate, its greatest depth equaling about 
two-ninths of the total length without tail, or somewhat less than the length of the 
head. The head is flat above, the width between the eyes equaling nearly half 
length of head. The mouth is very protractile, small, its width somewhat greater 
than the length of the lower jaw. The upper jaw is as long as the eye, a little more 
than one-fourth length of head, which equals about one-fourth of total length with- 
out caudal. The length of the dorsal base equals the depth of the body and much 
exceeds length of anal base. Length of longest dorsal ray less than one-half head; 
longest anal ray two-thirds length of head. The dorsal is midway between the tip of 
the snout and the root of the caudal. The anal is wholly under the dorsal. Length 
of pectoral six and one-half times in total. Caudal large, convex behind. 5 
D. 14; A. 12. Seales 44-46, 138. - 
