FISHES OF PENNSYLVANIA. 135 


than the anal base; the first and longest soft ray is as long astthe anal base and more 
than twice as long as the last; the caudal is large and emarginate, the middle rays 
nearly two-thirds as long as the outer; the ventral reaches to below the twenty- 
first scale of the lateral line, its spine two-fifths as long as the head; the pectoral 
reaches to below the seventeenth scale of the lateral line; its base is broad, equaling 
two-thirds of the diameter of the eye; the lateral line is gently curved upward in 
the first half of its length. 
PD. IX-I, 11 or 12; A. Ill, 9 or 10; V. I, 5; P. 14. Scales 6-52-11. 
Tn life the body is yellowish, the upper parts olivaceous and the sides with seven 
narrow dark stripes, the first one below the lateral line abruptly bent downward at 
its middle, the second interrupted and the third short; two short, oblique, dark 
streaks on the shoulders. The specimen described, number 3467, belonging to the 
United States National Museum, is seven and one-half inches long. 
The yellow bass appears to have no other commonname. It inhabits 
the lower Mississippi valley, extending northward to southern Indiana 
and Illinois. In Pennsylvania it has been introduced by the State Fish 
Commission into the Delaware, Perkiomen and Susquehanna rivers. 
The United States Fish Commission has recently sent examples east 
from Quincy, Illinois. 
The species grows to the length of one foot. Nothing is recorded 
about its habits, which are supposed to resemble those of the white 
perch. 
Famity SCIAANIDA (Tue Drvms). 
Genus APLODINOTUS Rarryesaoe. 
153. Aplodinotus grunniens RarrnesqQue. 
The Fresh Water Drum. (Figure 73.) 
The shape of the fresh water drum is similar to that of the saltwater species, the 
body being moderately elongate, its greatest height one-third of its length without 
the caudal; the sides are moderately compressed and the back very much so. The 
least depth of the tail is less than one-third of the depth of the body. The head is 
rather short, its length contained three and two-thirds times in the total without 
caudal. The eye is about four-fifths as long as the snout and one-sixth length of 
head. Snout obtuse. The maxilla reaches to below the middle of the eye; the 
lower jaw is shorter than the upper. The pectoral is nearly as long as the head and 
reaches to below the beginning of the soft dorsal. The ventral is about two-thirds 
length of head. The third dorsal spine is the longest, nearly one-half as long as the 
head. The second anal spine is much the longer and stouter, its length two-fifths 
that of head. The rays of the soft dorsal are longest near the end of the fin. The 
scales are very irregularly placed, about fifty-five in the lateral line. 
10)5 VIDS, UPR SSIER eNO IS vic 
The color is grayish, darker on the back; lower parts silvery. Young specimens 
have dark spots along the rows of scales, forming oblique lines. 
The freshwater drum has received a great number of common names. 
In the Ohio valley and South it is known as the white perch; in the 
Great Lake region it called sheepshead or fresh-water drum on account 
of its resemblance to the salt-water drum. At Buffalo and Barcelona, 
New York, it is known as sheepshead. The name crocus, used on lakes 
of northern Indiana is a corruption of croaker, a name of a marine 
