all be crowded into 480 square feet, if all were as closely packed as some are. Thi* 

 would give an area of 20 square feet each, or with pups, 10 square feet. This, how- 

 ever, could never be possible, and 23 scpiare feet may be taken as a maximum in 

 close masses, as True has estimated. 



" If 13 covers ;56 by 30, A to G cover 108 by 72, or 58 square feet; with bulls and 

 pups, 24 square feet each; this is above the average for rookeries under the cliff, a» 

 23 is a maximum in massed rookeries. True's estimate is not very far from correct, 

 if rookeries could be nu^asured. 



"Jul II IC. — A had 7 cows; B, 20; 1 afterwards proves to be the young male noticed 

 at first visit to this point; the bull still after liim. Driven out into the next harem, 

 he finally works his way down and goes into the water. C has 43 cows, E has 25, 

 and F luis IB. 'fhere are other harems below, but they seem to have a fair projjortion 

 of pups at hand. But for these live harems, which contain 110 cows, there are 132 

 pups in sight. Thirty- eight of them are playing in a group above the highest harem. 



" While counting the harems a cow gave birth to a pup very close at hand. Atten- 

 tion was first called to the event by a copious dischaige of water from the cow, which 

 ran down the rr)cky slope on which she was lying. The hind dippers of the pup were 

 seen first. The cow was very uneasy, changing her position frequently, but chiefly 

 keeping a sitting posture In about two minutes, anu apparently with no very great 

 effort, the little fellow was born hind tlipi)ers first, evidently not the usual way. The 

 mother quickly turned herself about, tearing off the cord and freeing the little fellow 

 from his covering. She nosed over him, but made no attempt to lick or otherwise 

 dry the pup. It almost immediately began wriggling about. Thd mother bleated 

 over it like a sheep and seemed very much excited. A cow that was near by reached 

 over, but was savagely snapped at l)y thii newly made mother. The (dd bull came by 

 and sniffed at the littl6 fellow with "a mild show of interest. The pup was on a slip- 

 pery, slanting rock, and every movement it made caused it to slip down. The mother 

 took hold of it by the neck just as a cat would take her kitten and dragged it up to 

 her side. She would draw its head up to the teat, but it was some time before the 

 little fellow made any very definite attempt to nurse. Later on it seemed to nurse. 

 The mother seemed very anxious that it should <lo so. She hually moved up to a dry 

 place and drew the pup' up after her. A neighboring pup coming by was snapped at 

 savagely by the mother. 



"In another harem a cow was seen to pick up a pup by the back of tlie neck and 

 carry it clear across the harem. Could not say whether it was her own or some 

 other's puj). She laid it down and apparently paid no more attention to it, though 

 the little thing remained near her. 



"One cow in harem A seemed to have a cough. Every few minutes she would 

 be doubled up with a lit of coughing. 



"J((/// 77. —A had 7 cows; B, 19; C^, 29 only; ]),27. The young bachelor is not now 

 visible. E has 9 cows; F, 6; G, 9. One in D is wet. The cows are asleep in indo- 

 lent attitudes, but they waken occasionally and tight sleepily. 



"The young bachelor has evidently returned. He is driven out of B into D by the 

 angry bull. Wherever he goesthe cows are in a turmoil and bite at him. Heisnow 

 among the i)ui>s at the bottom of D. Passes a noisy cow. who strikes at him ; tram- 

 ples on pups of F and goes on dragging his hind legs over pups and upsetting them. 

 He can be traced down to H, where he goes reluctantly, probably passing on to 

 the sea. 



"Away outsi(b' from C there is a big black bull, with a cow and pup, evidently a 

 new harem. Call it X. 



" The bull calf i)addles down to the harem at the very foot slowly and reluctantly, 

 tram])ling all the pups he can; they recover themselves rapidly. 



"The old cow with the green fur, now silvery, formerly in A, is now in charge of 

 an idle bull a rod higher up. Call him Y. 



"Jill II in. — x\bout 4 p. m. Cold and rainy. .A has moved up 15 feet nearer the 

 rocks and has 7 cows, his original numb(a'. Another bull from l)ehind is located in 

 his place, but has lost the cow he had stolen the other day f'roui A's harem. We have 

 designated him as Y. There is no difficulty in recognizing the cow by the peculiar 

 shade of her neck, though now that she is dry this is uot very marked. 



" B has only 10 cows; C, 23, spread out and (limbing on the rocks, probably because 

 of the muddy condition of the harem, due to the rain. X has 1 cow and 2 pups. U's 

 harem is mu(di spread out, 15 cows. F. has 3; F, 17; G, 2. 



"Pups still being \)orn, red placentas lying about. Cows much more scattered, 

 probably to avoid mud. Pups podding. 



"Jiihj :(i. — The harems were visited at 5 o'clock. The day was very thick with fog, 

 the wind blowing in with considerable force from the southeast. These harems were 

 somewhat protected, all except those on the flat, C, B, and X. The following is the 

 count to-day: A, 4; B, 6; C, 25; D, 14; E, 3; F, 17; Y, 0; X, 4. The cow with th© 

 peculiarly marked neck seems to be gone. Afterwards one wet cow from the sea 

 comes up and enters in C, hunting for her pup. 



