TABLE OF CONTENTS 



Chapter Page 



FOREWORD iii 



A. INTRODUCTION A-1 



Oceanography, a Definition A-1 



The Types of Information Sought A-1 



Physical Oceanography A-1 



Chemical Oceanography A-1 



Meteorological Oceanography A-2 



Biological Oceanography A-2 



Geological Oceanography A-2 



Oceanographic Platforms A-2 



Shipboard Equipment and Facilities A-2 



Deck Space and Machinery A-2 



Shipboard Winches .. — A-2 



Laboratory and Storage Facilities A-4 



Taking Oceanographic Observations A-4 



Occupying an Oceanographic Station A-6 



B. METEOROLOGICAL, SEA AND SWELL, AND SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS B-1 



General B-1 



Types of Meteorological and Sea and Swell Observations B-1 



Weather B-1 



Clouds B-1 



VisibUity B-1 



Wind Speed and Direction B-6 



Temperature of the Air B-8 



Barometric Pressure B-8 



Wind Waves (Sea) and Swell B-9 



Sea and Swell Terms B-9 



Efi'ect of Tidal Currents B-12 



Effect of Shoals B-12 



Wave Reflection B-13 



Wave Forecasting B-13 



Bottom Pressure Fluctuations B-13 



Solar Radiation Measurements B-13 



The Pyrheliometer Installation B-13 



Taking Pyrheliometer Measurements B-13 



Marking the Recorder Chart B-13 



Maintenance B-13 



Storing and Shipping Pyrheliometer Records B-14 



Water Transparency and Light Absorption Measurements B-14 



Transparencj' Measurements with the Secchi Disc B-14 



Determining Water Color with the Forel Scale B-15 



Ice Observations B-15 



C. MEASURING WATER TEMPERATURE AND DEPTH WITH A BATHYTHERMO- 



GRAPH C-1 



The Bathythermograph or BT C-1 



How a BT Works C-1 



Equipment Needed to Operate the BT C-2 



Recording BT Data C-2 



Taking a BT C-2 



Reading the BT Slide C-7 



Storing and Shipping BT Slides C-8 



BT Maintenance C-8 



Malfunctions C-8 



