Figure 1-2. Deep-sea anchoring winch. 



platform. Other laboratory spaces are needed 

 where chemical, biological, and geological 

 analyses are performed, where electronic record- 

 ing equipment is installed, and where photo- 

 graphic developing and printing is done. In 

 addition to these laboratories, office and draft- 

 ing room space is needed to carry out the 

 reduction of data and preparation of technical 

 reports. Dry storage space for oceanographic 

 equipment and stowage for samples obtained 

 during a cruise are necessities. Racks to stow 

 cases of sea water samples, cases of biological 

 specimen jars, bottom sediment jars, and core 

 samples are required. 



1-13 OCCUPYING AN OCEANOGRAPHIC 

 STATION. — Oceanographic observations are 

 made from a ship under three conditions: (1) 

 While underway, (2) while lying to on station, 

 or (3) while at anchor. Observations taken 



under the first condition generally are limited 

 to meteorological and bathythermograph obser- 

 vations with occasional shallow water bottom 

 sampling with a scoopfish. For special surveys, 

 hull-mounted recording devices for obtaining 

 continuous data of water temperature, salinity, 

 or conductivity are used. Certain types of 

 current measurements are made while under- 

 way. Seismic and acoustic measurements are 

 made with 2 ships — one lying to and the other 

 underway. However, the greater portion of 

 oceanographic work at sea is carried out while 

 occupying an oceanographic station. An ocean- 

 ographic station is any group of oceanographic 

 observations made at the same, or virtually 

 the same, geographic position at nearly the 

 same time. Although the overall cruise plan- 

 ning is usually carried out well in advance of 

 the cruise, detailed planning for the individual 



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