Pencil, glass marking, wax, colors: black 



and red. 

 Rod, lime glass, 6 mm. diameter. 

 Rod, pick up, magnetized. 

 Rod, threaded support, 19 mm. diameter 



in lengths: 50, 75, 100, and 125 cm. 

 Spatula, nickel, double end. 

 Spatula, stainless steel, narrow blade, 



wood handle, overall length 7 inches. 

 Stopper, rubber, regular form, assorted. 

 Stirring bar, magnetized, plastic coated, 



1-incli length, for magnetic stirrer. 

 Test tube, chemical, with rim, Pyrex, 10 



X 75 mm. size No. 1. 

 Thermometer, laboratory grade, engraved 



stem, range —1° to 51° C. 

 Tongs, beaker. 



Tongs, crucible, stainless steel, double bent. 

 Towels, cotton, hand. 

 Towels, paper. 

 Toweling, part linen for glassware, 17 



inches wide 10 yards long. 

 Tubes, connecting, T-shape, lime glass, 7 



mm. outside diameter. 

 Tubes, connecting, Y-shape, lime glass, 



7 mm. outside diameter. 

 Tubing, lime glass, standard wall, 6 mm. 



outside diameter. 

 Tubing, rubber, red, medium wall, inside 

 diameter Yu" x }U" wall, 50 feet per 

 package. 

 Tubing, rubber, red, extra heavy wall, 

 inside jU" x Yh" wall, 50 feet per package. 

 Tubing stretcher. 



Watch glass, Pvrex, 100 mm. diameter. 

 13-9 GENERAL LABORATORY TECH- 

 NIQUES AND PRECAUTIONS. Although 

 each method of analysis given in tliis chapter 

 has detailed instructions for handling and 

 cleaning its particular equipment, there are 

 basic laboratory techniques and precautions 

 with which the seagoing chemist must famil- 

 iarize himself. The chemist will at times have 

 to handle chemicals that are poisonous, cor- 

 rosive, and toxic. He must know the safest 

 methods for handling and storing them. Be- 

 cause of the dangers involved, extreme care 

 must' be taken at all times when handling 

 dangerous chemicals. Most laboratory equip- 

 ment, being glass, is delicate and some is 

 specially made aiid difficult to obtain. Costly 

 damage and personal injury can result if such 

 material is handled by an inexperienced person. 

 It is obvious, tlierefore, that ^he shipboard 

 laboratory is a space in which only qualified 

 personnel sould be authorized. The laboratory 

 should never, under any circumstances, be 

 used as a general passageway or lounge. 



H. O. 607 



35067G o—ne 9 



The shipboard laboratory must be well 

 ventilated to remove any poisonous vapors 

 created by chemicals. As several types of 

 equipment for sea water analyses are calibrated 

 at 20° C. (68° F.), it is desirable that the 

 laboratory be kept as nearly as possible at 

 that temperature at all times. 



Several types of analyses utilize color change 

 determination of end point in titrations. For 

 this reason, it is important that the lighting 

 of the laboratory be of high quality and of 

 constant source. Fluorescent lights of the 

 daylight type are recommended. 



Two things that are very important in 

 operating a shipboard laboratory are neatness 

 and cleanliness. A sloppy laboratory can 

 quickly become chaos. As soon as a piece of 

 equipment is used, it must be cleaned and 

 returned to its proper place of stowage. Con- 

 siderable time can be lost searching for a 

 particular flask or graduate only to find it 

 broken or too dirty to use. Chipped glass- 

 ware is dangerous. Avoid using it. Clothing 

 can be ruined and skin burned if spilled acids 

 are not cleaned up immediately. 



13-10 Handling and Storing General Lab- 

 oratory Equipment. — The greater portion of 

 laboratory equipment used at sea consists of 

 chemical glassware. Although these beakers, 

 graduates, burettes, pipettes, flasks, bottles, 

 etc., are each designed for particular functions 

 they unfortunately are of very awkward shapes 

 and sizes for stowage. It is recommended 

 that only those pieces of equipment in fairly 

 frequent use be arranged in sea racks. The 

 remaining spares and seldom-used pieces should 

 be wrapped liberally with cotton or other soft 

 material and stowed in drawers or bins so 

 they will be unaffected by motion of the ship 

 in rough weather. Do not crowd glassware 

 in drawers. Metal apparatus that will corrode 

 should be cleaned and coated with preservative 

 before storing. 



13-11 Stowage and Handling of Chem- 

 icals. — Chemicals should be stowed in bottles 

 or jars with screw caps or stoppers and packed 

 in cabinets or drawers with dependable latches 

 or locks. Wrap fragile bottles with cotton or 

 other soft material to prevent contact with 

 one another and to keep them from moving 

 about with the motion of the ship. Liquids 

 should be stowed upright in tightly capped 

 bottles in sea racks or compartmented bins. 



Strong acids and bases should be stowed in 

 racks or bins that are well ventilated and 

 equipped with a drain to dispose of spilled 

 solution in the event of breakage^ This drain 

 should lead to an overboard discharge. One 



117 



