l897-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 247 



(Anthomus pivi). There is no lack of enemies to shorten the 

 pear crop. 



' ' Of all the fruits the apple is the standard and is rarely afflicted, 

 and yet we raise large quantities for export at fairly remunerative 

 prices. The apple grows from the cold regions of the north to 

 the hotter countries of the south, 'so that a deficiency of crop in 

 some regions is made up by the heavy bearing in other parts, so 

 that a complete failure never happens. The bark, foliage, heart 

 and fruit have a full quota of enemies to contend against (Carpo- 

 cupsa Weberina) and (Tinea Corticella) pierce the bark and the 

 larvae burrows in and destroys the albumen, while the apple aphis 

 and the aphis covered with long cotton like wool, suck the juices 

 of the bark. Then the weevils (Authonomus pomarium) (Ryn- 

 chitis Baccus and Carpocopsa pomonella) eat into the apple and 

 destroy it. The root borers are destructive to young trees the 

 (Hypodenaron dispor) bores to the heart of the tree. The or- 

 chard caterpillar (Chisiocampa neustria and posthesia) appear by 

 the millions and whole orchards are stripped bare of leaves. 

 Beetles belonging to the (Rynahites Baccus, Cunalpies vitis and 

 Hattica aleracea) devour the young shoots, while the aphis and 

 baccus vitis aid in taking the life blood of the vine. The leaves 

 are subject to mildew and the berry to the rot both of which are 

 of fungsid origin. Sometimes grapes are very wormy, the spe- 

 cies unknown to us. Spraying is the best remedy." 



Here is a curious note which I found in an old magazine in the smoking- 

 room about cigars. As I have written about. strawberries and apples out 

 here, I hope I may be allowed to borrow from it. The first Spanish col- 

 onists, as everybody knows, brought tobacco from Cuba to Europe, and 

 the Andalusians in the sixteenth century proceeded to cultivate it in their 

 gardens, and to roll the leaves up in Indian fashion. Now these gardens 

 were popularly known as Cigarrales — i.e., "places where the locust 

 (cigarra) sings," and as it was a matter of self-satisfaction to grow the best 

 tobacco and to grow your own, a man used to boast Este cs de mi cigar- 

 ral, "this is from my own garden," and so came the new word "cigar," 

 which has found its way all over the world. Cuba is said to still hold its 

 place as the seat of the best production. Hundreds of millions are made 

 there every year. No country has such a large consumption as the United 

 States. My note says that 75,000 ordinary-sized cigars can be made out 

 of 600 pounds of good tobacco. 



