INSECTS INJURIOUS TO WHEAT. 109 



four weeks, or three or four days after the main crop is 

 sown. 



Tliough none are exempt from attack, those varieties of 

 wheat ^^ with large, coarse, strong straw are less liable to 

 injury than weak-strawed and slow-growing varieties.'^ 

 In Xew York in many localities in 1901 a wheat called 

 Dawson's Golden Chaff was found to be but little injured, 

 where others were nearly destroyed. However, in Canada, 

 where this variety originated, it is as seriously injured as 

 other kinds, and may become so in Xew York. Bearded 

 Eed Wheat No. 8 was also found to be a very resistant 

 variety, as were Prosperity, Democrat, Ked Rusisan, and 

 White Chaff Mediterranean. It should be remembered, 

 however, that none of these are invariably '' fl3'-proof/' 

 and that though under certain conditions tbey maybe but 

 little injured, in other localities and under less favorable 

 circumstances they may be injured as much as any other 

 sorts. 



Among other conclusions Prof. Koberts and his col- 

 leagues state that the fly '-injures wheat more on dryish 

 and poor land than on moist but well-drained, rich soils." 

 Also, ''that the soil must be so well fitted and so fertile 

 that a strong, healthy growth will be secured in the fall, 

 though the sowing of the seed be delayed ten to fifteen 

 days beyond the usual time. Such preparation of the soil 

 will also help the wheat to recover from any winter injury. 

 Thick seeding and vigorous growth also tend to ward off 

 the fly.'' " Much stress should be laid on the proper 

 fitting of the land for wheat Plowing should be done 

 earty — at least six weeks before sowing^to give abundant 

 time for the repeated working of the soil in order to 

 recompact the subsurface soil and secure a fine but 



