189I.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 67 



mations incomplete. Plant-lice, Scale-insects, Cicadas, Chinch-, Squash- 

 and Bed-bugs, Lice. 



6. Orthoptera (straight wings). Mouth-parts developed for biting. 

 Front wings developed as tegmina to cover the folded hind wings. Hind 

 legs large, adapted for leaping. Transformations incomplete. Grass- 

 hoppers, Crickets, Cockroaches, Earwigs. 



7. Nenroptera (nerve wings). Wings large, broad, net-veined, mem- 

 branous. Mouth-parts developed for biting. Transformations complete 

 and incomplete. White Ants, Stone-, May- and Dragonflies, Ant Lions, 

 Fish Moths and Spring Tails. 



In the sixth and following editions the Fish Moths and Spring Tails are 

 considered as a distinct order, 8. Thysannra (fringe tails) whose characters 

 are wingless, no transformations. 



A second classification is that used by Prof. Comstock in his 

 " Introduction to Entomology," 1888, pp. 48, 49 : 



I. Wingless insects which show no evidences of having descended from 

 winged ancestors {i.e., in which the thorax is simple in structure), and 

 which undergo no metamorphosis {Synaptera). Order i. Thysannra. 



IL Winged insects; or wingless msects in which this condition is the 

 result of a retrograde development, indicated by the complicated struc- 

 ture of the thorax, or by the presence of wings in closely allied forms 

 ( Pterygogenea). 



1. Metamorphosis incomplete, Ametabola (without change). 



A. Mouth-parts formed for biting, i.e., with the mandibles and maxillae in 



the form of jaws. 



a. The two pairs of wings similar in structure, membranous. 



Order 2. Pseudonenroptera (false Neuroptera). 



b. The first pair of wings parchment like (tegmina); the second 



pair membranous, and folded in plaits longitudinally. 



Order 3. Orthoptera. 



B. Mouth-parts intermediate in structure between those of the biting in- 



sects and those of the sucking insects, viz , with bristle-like 

 mandibles, and with flat triangular maxillae. 



Order 4. Physopoda (swelled feet). 



C. Mouth-parts formed for sucking, viz., with the mandibles and maxillae 



bristle like. Order 5. Hemiptera. 



2. Metamorphosis complete. Metabola (change). 

 A. Mouth-parts formed for biting. 



a. The two pairs of wings similar in structure, membranous, with 



many veins and cells. Order 6. Nenroptera. 



b. The first pair of wings (elytra) much thickened, horny through- 



out their entire length, and meeting in a straight line down 

 the back; the second pair membranous. Order 9. Goleoptera. 



