1 894-] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 285 



years. Some tliree Summers ago I was arranging a box of apple tree in- 

 sects and found that I was short of specimens of the Codling moth in all 

 stages. It was then early Summer, and I knew that I could get an abund- 

 ance of the larva? from the less than half-grown fruit in almost any orchard 

 that I chose to visit, and I believed that in the course of a very few weeks 

 thereafter I would have as many moths and chrysalids as I chose to take 

 the trouble to raise. Accordingly, on the first suitable occasion I filled 

 my satchel with infested apples, and an alcohol bottle with a lot of full- 

 grown, or nearly full-grown larvae. The apples were distributed in breeding- 

 jars and were left. In a very few days the caterpillars began to leave them 

 and to spin up on the sides of the cages and against the cloth covering of 

 the tops. I waited patiently for the pupje and continued to wait for the 

 balance of the season ; but none of the caterpillars, and there must have 

 been forty or fifty of them that had spun cocoons, showed the slightest 

 disposition to change to pupae in the thin cocoons which they had spun. 

 They rested quietly in the larval stage throughout that entire Summer, and 

 well along in the Winter without changing, and then, as I needed the 

 cages for other purposes, I threw them all out, saving some of the cocoons 

 merely. Next Spring I found no difficulty in supplying myself with pupae 

 from beneath the loose bark of trees in the orchards, and in due time got a 

 supply of moths. I was curious, however, to know whether my experi- 

 ence during the Summer previous had been accidental or whether there 

 was anything like a rule in the matter, and again, before mid-Summer, I 

 gathered a supply of infested fruit, disposed of it as before, and had ex- 

 actly the same experience repeated. Not one of the larvae pupated during 

 the Summer and not a single moth was bred. Again during the Summer 

 just past I tried the same experiment. In June I gathered a lot of infested 

 apples and from these the larvje, full-grown, came out early in July, spun 

 up against the sides and top of the jar, and there they still remain at the 

 present time, October Sth, living, apparently just as large as they were in 

 the beginning, and without any sign of any intention to pupate. I have 

 not felt like calling attention to this matter before, because it seemed ab- 

 surd to suggest that there are not two broods of this insect. Everj' ob- 

 server, without exception, who has recorded his personal experience, has 

 spoken of two broods. Prof. Riley, in his Missouri Reports, gives definite 

 dates for the appearance of the second brood of larvae and of the moths. 

 I have myself very frequently found infested fruit long after mid-Summer; 

 and wormy apples in September and October are too common to be 

 worthy even of notice. But, on consideration, is it not rather surprising: 

 that the apples that mature in September and October are not very much 

 more mfested than they really are ? Any one who has spent any time in 

 orchards will remember what a very great number of wormy apples he 

 can find late in June and during the early part of July. In unsprayed 

 orchards it seems as if anywhere from 75 per cent, to 90 per cent, of the 

 apples were wormy ; but in that same orchard before the apples mature 

 in September, wormy apples are comparatively scarce. That is, scarce 



