1898.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 35 



head down, a putrid mass. Some pupae are deformed, but not 

 more than one finds in nature. Like the larvae, putrid pupae 

 occur, but they are few in number. The natural enemies of an- 

 dria may attack it in the egg, but the loss even here is small in 

 my experience. 



In the three weeks' collecting in this pasture I have yet to 

 see the first imago flitting about the plants. In fact, I haven't 

 seen a single butterfly of this species inside the inclosure, save a 

 few specimens just escaped from the pupae. It takes over twenty- 

 four hours to pupate after the larva of andria suspends. A 

 short time after suspension the caterpillar has almost converted 

 itself into a circle, the head nearly touching the extremity of the 

 abdomen. 



About three-quarters of an hour prior to pupation the sus-, 

 pended larva begins a slight motion that is mostly perceptible 

 near the head and is up and down, with but little lateral move- 

 ment. The extremity of the abdomen becomes whitish and there 

 is a slight slipping forward of the newly formed pupa within. 

 On each side of the second thoracic segment of the larva at this 

 stage is a large, oblong dirty colored blister, but what purpose 

 these serve is unknown to the writer. As the motions of the 

 larva continue the skin may be seen to be loosening and the pupa 

 within alternately expanding and relaxing in the effort to burst 

 the larval skin. The splitting begins on the dorsal side of the 

 second segment and extends forward and backward as the ante- 

 rior part of the pupa is forced out. The weight of the pupa and 

 its motions soon free it from the larval skin. Just as the slit in 

 the skin begins the larva straightens itself out. The ventral side 

 of the skin not tearing retards motion on that side so that the 

 ventral creases of the pupa are able to hold on to the old larval 

 skin till the cremaster is free and finally well fastened to the white 

 silk button above. It is interesting to see the pupa in the act of 

 attaching itself to the silk button. It requires great muscular 

 exertion, and if at first he doesn't succeed he tries again and 

 again. After the hooks are fast a vigorous circular movement 

 of the pupa knocks the larval skin down, and motion, except an 

 up and down one to shorten the chrysalis, ceases. The hardening 

 and coloring processes require some hours longer. 



In general outline, the larva of andria reminds one some- 

 what of Eudamus. Its chrysalis, though much smaller, is not 



