1898.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 201 



other near by, and so far as appearance can be relied upon is perfectly 

 healthy. The oil is yet apparent where it was applied, but beneath it the 

 bark is perfectly normal. On the trunk and larger branches the bark 

 which had become bound from the scale injury has split, and new, healthy 

 bark is forming at the edges. Altogether, the tree looks as if it had 

 received a new lease of life and seems in much better condition than ever 

 before. 



As to the scale — that has disappeared almost entirely. There were on 

 September 14th perhaps two dozen scales on all the fruit on the tree, and. 

 there were a few on the new wood, but as all the surrounding trees are 

 scaly and a scaly branch from a Standard partially overhangs the dwarf, 

 these probably came on. A few larvae attempted to set on the oily twigs, 

 formed the white scale and died. Not a single scale beyond this stage 

 was found on any of the treated twigs. 



When it was realized that the Winter treated tree was not dead, but 

 was even making a good start, about a dozen similar trees were sprayed 

 with the crude oil when already leafed out and partially in bloom. The 

 spraying was done from a wagon, one side being treated one day and the 

 other several days later when the wind shifted. The spraying was very 

 thorough each time, done with a McGowen nozzle and on each tree a few 

 shoots near the centre were killed. The remainder of the trees developed 

 normally and the fruit on September 14th was all that could be desired. 

 The apparently stimulating effect of the oil was also noticeable here and the 

 trees are now among the best of their kind instead of the poorest. The 

 very worst infested trees were chosen for this experiment and the effect 

 on the scale was all that could be desired. 



The largest experiment was on an orchard of 200 Ben Davis apples 

 eight years out and in fine general condition. This entire orchard was 

 sprayed with crude oil April 14 to 22, and was as fully loaded with apples, 

 September ig, as any similar untreated trees in the vicinity. 



Other experiments need not be detailed here at present since my inten- 

 tion is not to recommend the crude oil unreservedly, but to bring it to the 

 attention of entomologists as offering a good chance for study. All my 

 experience points to this as less injurious to vegetation than kerosene, as 

 spreading even more thoroughly and as at least as good an insecticide. 



Notes and. Nevsrs. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL GLEANINGS FROM ALL QUARTERS 

 OF THE GLOBE. 



Mules in trousers. — George Finney, an express wagon driver, has 

 clothed his mules' forelegs in trousers. In speaking of it he said that 

 flies bothered the forelegs of a four-footed animal more than they did the 

 hind limbs, and he, therefore, having some respect for the comfort of his 

 faithful servants had made a pair of trousers to protect them from the 



8* 



