April, '05] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. II9 



doubtedly leave their quarters and crawl down from the outside 

 of the stem. No evidence has been found to show that they 

 enter the canes and tunnel down into the roots. Small holes 

 have been found in the roots, showing that some of the larvae 

 at least enter directly into the roots. 



During the following season the larvae begin active feeding, 

 and are about one-half to three- fourths of an inch in length by 

 the time they are one year old. The body becomes much 

 stouter. The}' remain at rest in the tunnels in the roots 

 during the second winter and begin active feeding the follow- 

 ing spring. At this time they are usually in the root, just 

 beneath the crown ; they usually take an upward course, enter 

 and eat out the pith of the cane for a distance of one to five 

 inches ; then tunnel obliquely through the wood and bark, 

 leaving only the epidermis intact. Having done this, the 

 larvae may go down the hole some distance, but when read}- to 

 pupate they return to some part of the tunnel in the cane before 

 transformation. When ready to pupate the larvae become 

 somewhat shorter and darker in color. By the middle of 

 June a few pupae were found ; by the middle of August all 

 were in the pupal state, and some had emerged as adults. 

 The adults continued to emerge until late in September. 



"W^en the adult is ready to emerge it crawls out of the pupa- 

 case leaving it sticking in the hole made by the larva in the 

 side of the cane. One pupa was taken in the act of cutting 

 out the epidermis ; this pupa was placed upon a piece of paper 

 on a table in the laboratorj'. At the end of two hours the 

 adult had emerged and was drying its wings. After emerg- 

 ence, the adults may be found resting on the leaves of rasp- 

 berry and blackberry plants or flying about the fieids depositing 

 their eggs. 



Up to the present time infested plants in this State have sel- 

 dom shown any signs of the presence of the borers other than 

 a poor growth. On one occasion a single hill of blackberry 

 canes wilted about the time the leaves were well out. The 

 roots were well filled with tunnels. Seven larvae, each about 

 an inch long, were collected. Other hills examined gave one 

 to four borers, but none of them showed external signs of their 

 presence. On a few occasions single canes in hills of black- 

 berries died. In nearly every case a borer had eaten out the 

 pith of the cane at the crown. In this section the borer never 

 girdles the cane. There is never a morbid enlargement of the 

 canes. In fact many times the borers never enter the canes, 

 but remain in the roots until readj' to emerge as adults. 

 Pupa-cases were found sticking in the sides of exposed roots. 

 In a single instance one borer was found in an exposed lateral 

 root 18 inches from the base of the cane. 



