Dec, '06] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 38 1 



may retain its hold in the act of arranging the toilet at its 

 caudal end. If the turning or any other larval movements 

 are made too quickly the hold is lost and the larva will sink. 



By the expression of sound, studied at the keyboard, I have 

 determined, without seeing them, some of the more important 

 species of mosquitoes by their song or note. These observa- 

 tions were made in the eastern section of Pennsylvania. 



The note of Anopheles maculipe?i?iis (Meig.) is D, virtually 

 the first degree to the right of middle C, on the keyboard, 

 which is one octave lower than the notes on Staff No. i. 

 When confined in a bottle and darting against the glass it will 

 sing a note higher, and when alighting on the glass to rest, it 

 will do so, at a staccato stop at one degree below. It seems 

 to produce the same song in distress as in pleasure, for the 

 same may be heard in confinement, as that when about to 

 fathom one's blood. The ordinary hum of this species may 

 be expressed by the thirty-second notes on Staff i. The 

 second part of the song may be termed as one of condition 

 (in distinction from the love songs of insects), since the eight 

 note at E, is sung only when darting against any object such 

 as the glass mentioned or a person's neck or face. The part 

 indicated by the eight notes may be continued much longer 

 than the time here represented, and the finale or sudden stop 

 when alighting is expressed by the staccato thirty-second note 

 at the end of Staff i. 



The note of Anopheles punctipennis (Say) is B, virtually the 

 first to the left of middle C, on the keyboard, as indicated by 

 Staff 2, written in the F clef. 



Staff 3 in the treble clef indicates the note of Cidicada 

 (Culex) canadensis (Theo.). The smaller variety, the most 

 common, sing high C. Some of the larger forms of this 

 species sing from F to F sharp and to G sharp. When the 

 range of the note, in the same species, varies as is shown on 

 this staff, then intonation or the peculiarity of voice plays the 

 part of differentiation. This must be admitted, however, as 

 a high state of the perceptive powers of man, which is pos- 

 sessed by very few persons. In the range of sound produced 

 by the various species from the giant culicid Fsorophora ciliata 



