1892.] ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS. 53 



the open prairie, absolutely no barrier between them, why do 

 they not mingle ? I caught among the lemons some that appeared 

 to be pure white, but when compared with the white, of the 

 white variety, they are a cream-white, and readily distinguished. 

 I note still another peculiarity. I have, as I said before, over 

 seventy with no two exactly like. We will take say the lemon, 

 we have the fully marked upper wings and the markings de- 

 crease gradually until we come to the pure white, or rather 

 cream upper wing and lemon under wing, and then the all cream, 

 both upper and under; the same is true of the white variety, ex- 

 cept that the pure white are by far the most plentiful. Still in all 

 this large variety of markings or parts of them if continued 

 would make the perfect pattern, as a friend remarked while look- 

 ing at them, that they looked as if the wing originally was white 

 and the color afterwards stenciled on, the feebly marked repre- 

 senting where the brush was full of coloring matter, and down 

 through all the degrees of dashes and dots until finally we come 

 to the one without a mark. 



ELEMENTARY ENTOMOLOGY. 



LEPIDOPTERA-HETEROCERA (Moths). 



By Prof John B. Smith, New Brunswick, N. J. 



In examining the denuded wings, one of the first things noticed 

 is, that more supporting veins reach the outer margin than reach 

 the base; that while a very few trunks extend froni the base to 

 the margin of the wing, two large trunks start from the base, but 

 rarely extend beyond two-thirds of the distance to the outer mar- 

 gin, giving off at that point a variable number of branches. These 

 main trunks that reach the base are called veins, whether or no 

 they reach the margin as well. The branches, which reach the 

 margin, but do not reach the base, are called venules. Beginning 

 at the anterior edge of the primaries we find a vein close to the 

 thickened front margin, extending from the base to the margin 

 always before the tip of the wing. This is the costal vein; it is 

 almost universally present, is never branched in my experience, 

 and has no modifications of systematic value save that there may 

 be a cross branch extending between it and the costa. Next below 

 the costal vein at base is the subcostal, running parallel and some- 



