von Schrenk — Trees of St. Louis as Influenced by Tornado. 27 



like the maple, produced considerable strain upon the bark, 

 especially when the force applied was a twisting one. Where 

 the strain was too great, the bark came off in sheets, or split 

 longitudinally. This was particularly noticeable in narrow 

 streets like Nicholson Place. In many trees there was no 

 outward sign of this injury for several months; not until the 

 loosened bark died, did any shrinkage take place, but then it 

 split and curled up. This could be seen on many maples in 

 September, 1896. Flying pieces of slate and stone removed 

 large pieces of bark, and often became imbedded in the wood. 

 Wounds of this nature healed rapidly, and many pieces of 

 slate are to-day surrounded by new wood. 



Immediately after the storm attempts were made to save 

 as many trees as possible. The fallen ones were righted, the 

 torn stumps were cut off and covered, and those trees which 

 had suffered material injuries to their bark, were covered with 

 cloth to keep out insects and fungi as far as possible. The 

 weeks succeeding the storm were warm, and an abundant 

 amount of rain fell. For some weeks in June the trees ap- 

 peared dormant, then gradually, on such twigs of that year 

 as were left, the axillary buds for the year 1897 began to 

 unfold, and produced new leaves, a process much akin to that 

 known as " Johannisgrowth." By September, a growth of 

 six inches or more had been made from those buds. But by 

 far the majority of the trees had no such buds to fall back 

 upon, as all small branches had been torn away. In these 

 trees, numerous adventitious buds broke out from all parts of 

 the trunk and remaining larger branches. In the maples 

 these grew less vigorously than in the elms or sycamores, but 

 in all a round mass of foliage grew during the summer. As 

 the injuries to many of the trees had been very great, this 

 growth was very small and such trees failed to revive this 

 spring (1897). This was true of all the lindens (Tilia 

 Americana). 



On the morning following the storm some notes and draw 

 ings were made of various twigs, which were marked, with a 

 view to adding something to the discussion of the question 

 whether a tree can form more than one ring of wood in a year 

 under unusual circumstances. The trees noted had lost 



