214 Trans. Acad. Sci. of St. Louis. 



aleurone grains. The starch layer variable; as a rule, how- 

 ever, the starch cells are much larger than the aleurone. In 

 some cases the first row of cells smaller, and these carry more 

 protein than the cells below. The starch grains are large, 

 elliptical or spherical, extremely variable in size. These cells 

 also have an abundance of aleurone (PI. XVIII. 2). 



Secale cereale, L. An excellent account of the structure 

 of this fruit will be found in the works of Harz, Tschirch & 

 Oesterle, 1 Tietschert, 2 Gregory 3 and other writers on economic 

 food products. 



The pericarp consists of tangentially elongated epidermal 

 cells with large cell cavities. The outer wall is thickened as 

 well as the inner, the lateral walls thinner. Harz states that 

 there is an important distinction between Secale and Triticum; 

 a somewhat analogous structure, however, occurs in the spelts. 

 The epidermal layer is followed by smaller thin-walled 

 parenchyma cells. The layer next to these parenchyma 

 cells is frequently composed of thick-walled porous cells with 

 pore canals. These cells not evident except in mature fruits. 

 The testa is but slightly developed and consists of compara- 

 tively small cells frequently colored brown. The nucellus 

 occurs as a remnant especially in the groove, where the cells 

 are thick- walled and somewhat gelatinous. The endosperm 

 resembles that of wheat. The aleurone layer consists of a 

 single layer of cells. The exterior walls are greatly thick- 

 ened. The cells of the starch layer large, containing a large 

 number of round or elliptical starch grains, extremely vari- 

 able in size. The starch grains on the whole are larger than 

 those of the genus Triticum (PI. XVIII. 6). 



Hordeum vulgare, L. The structure of Hordeum has been 

 given by Tschirch & Oesterle, 4 Morris & Brown, 6 Harz, 6 Ku- 

 delka, 7 and others. 



1 1. c. a Keimungsversuche mit Roggen und Raps. 104./. 1. 



8 Die Membranverdickungen der sogenannten Querzellen in der Frucht. 

 wand des Roggens. FUnfstiick, Beitrage zur wiss. Bot. 2: 165-168. 



4 Anatomischer Atlas der Pharmakognosie und Nahrungsmittelkunde. 

 9: 181. pi. 41. 



5 Jour. Roy. Chem. Soc. 57: 458. « \ t Ci n 59t f t 236. 



7 Ueber d. Entw. u.d. Bau d. Frucht- u. Samenschalen unserer Cerealien 

 Inang. Diss. Berlin. 1875. 



