THE ANNALS 



MAGAZINE OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



[FIFTH SERIES.] 

 No. 38. FEBRUARY 1881. 



IX. — History and Classification of the known Species of 

 Spongilla. By H. J. Carter, F.R.S. &c. 



[Plates V. & VI.] 



The fresliwater sponge has been known from a very early 

 period, altliough perhaps only first publicly noticed in 1696, 

 by Leonard Plukenet, in the following way, viz. " Spongia 

 fluviatilis anfractuosa perfragilis ramosissiraa " (apud Pallas, 

 No. 4*). Linnseus, in 1745 (No. 2), described two species 



* Publications to which reference is made in the following communi- 

 cation : — 



1. — 1696. Plukenet, Leonard. (Brit. Bot.) Almagestum, p. 356, 



tab. 112. f. 3, " Spongia fluviatilis anfractuosa perfragilis ramo- 



sissima." 

 2. — 1745. LiNN.5;us. Flora Suecica, Spec. PL, ed. 1, sp. 11. Spongia 



fluviatilis ; ib. sp. 10. Spongia lacustris. 

 3. — 1758. LiNN^us. Systema Naturae, ed. x. 

 4. — 1766. Pallas. Elench. Zoophvtorum. Spongia fluviatilis, l!io.2ii\, 



p. 384. 

 5. — 1816. Lamarck. Anim. sans Vertebres, t. ii. p. 98. 

 6. — 1826. Grant, Robert. " On the Structure and Nature of the 



Spongilla friabilis,''^ Edin. Phil. Journ. vol. xiv. p. 270. 

 7. — 1835. Gervais, P. "Lea Sponges d'eau douce," Ann. des Sc. 



NatureUes, n. s, t. iv. p. 254. 

 8. — 1839. Meyen, F. J. F. " Beitrage zur nahern Kenntniss unseres 



Siisswasserschwammes," MuUer's Ai-chiv, 1839, S.83,apudLieber- 



Ann. & Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 5. Vol. vii. 7 



