78 Mr. H. J. Carter on the 



under the names respectively of " Spongia laciistris " and 

 ^^ 8. fluviatilis^^ (apud Pallas), observing in his ' System a 

 Natures' of 1766, ed. xii. p. 1299, that " Autumnali tempore in 

 hujus poris sparsis globules cterulescentes magnitudine semi- 

 num thymi&c. observavit C. Blom, M.D. ; " so that Linnaeus 

 then was not only acquainted with the existence of the fresh- 

 water sponge, but also with the presence of the little globular 

 bodies [globuli) in it, to which our attention will be more 

 particularly given by-and-by, under the term of" statoblasts ; " 

 while Pallas, also, in 1766, in his diagnosis of " Spongilla 

 jluviatilis ^'' stated, " Massas interdum aut crustas informes 

 in stagnantibus aquis ; in fluentis forma ramosissima " (No. 4, 

 p. 384). Thus the two species of the present day were fore- 

 shadowed both in character and nomenclature. 



Subsequently much was written on the subject by various 

 authors, and the name " Spongia " more than once changed 

 (see" Literature " apud Johnston, No 10) ; but that of" Spon- 



kiihn (No. 14, p. 7) ; Microscopic Journ. vol. i. p. 42, 1841 (No. 10, 



p. 154); Valentin's ' Repertorium,' 1840 (No. 21, vol. ii. 



p. 341). 

 9. — 1840. Hogg, J. " Observations on the Spongilla Jiuviatilis" Linn. 



Soc. Trans, vol. xviii. pt. 3. 

 10. — 1842. Johnston, G. History of British Sponges &c. Sjjongilla, 



pp. 149-163. 

 11. — 1848. Cautek, H. J. " Notes on the Species, Structure, and 



Animality of the Freshwater Sponges in the Island of Bombay," 



Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. i. p. 303. 

 12. — 1849. Carter, H, J. " A Descriptive Account of the Fresh- 

 water Sponges in the Island of Bombay, with Observations on 



their Structure and Development," ibid. vol. iv. p. 81, pis. iii., iv., 



and V. 

 13. — 1854. Carter, H. J. " Zoosperms in Spongilla" ibid. vol. xiv. 



p. 334, pi. xi. 

 14. — 1856. LiEBERKiJHN, N. "Beitrage zur Entwickelungsgeschichte 



der Spongillen," Archiv f. Anat. u. Physiologie, Heft i. u. ii. 



pp. 1-19 (Jan.). 

 15. — 1856. LiEBKRKiJHN, N. " Beitrage " &c. (Nachtrag), ibid. Heft iv. 



pp. 399-414, Taf. xv. (May). 

 16.— 1856. LiEBERKtJHN, N. Id. ibid. Heft V. pp. 496-514, Taf. xviii. 



figs. 8, 9. 

 17. — 1857. Carter, H. J. " On the Ultimate Structure of Spongilla 



&c.," Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xx. p. 21, pi. i. 

 18. — 1859. Carter, H. J. " On the Fecundation of the Volvoces, &c. 



{Spongilla),'' Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, vol. iii. pp. 12-15, pi. i. 



figs. 12-14 (Jan.). 

 19. — 1859. Carter, H. J. " On the Identity in Structure and Compo- 

 sition of the so-called ' Seed-like Body ' of Sjjongilla with the 



Winter-egg of the Bryozoa ; and the Presence of Starch-granules 



in each," ibid. vol. iii. p. 331, pi. viii. (May). 

 20. — 1863. BowERBANK, J. " Monograph on the Spongillidse," Proc. 



Zool. Soc. London, Nov. 24, pi. xxxviii. 



