364 Mr. H. J. Carter on Specimejis 



Foram. of Great Britain, 1857, p. 52, fig. 104, pi. iv.), which 

 has a poriferous calcareous test, and, in its parasitic form, is 

 very common on the root-portion of Laminaria hulbosa here 

 (Budleigh-Salterton, Devon), is always surrounded by an 

 accumulation of quartz-sand, apparently taken up by its sar- 

 codic cuticle, which accumulation often extends so far up as 

 to cover the summit, and thus conceal tlie original test, when 

 it so far very much resembles R. arenacea. Indeed William- 

 son's R. inflata [op. cit, p. 50, figs. 93, 94, pi. iv.) , which was 

 found on this coast, has an arenaceous test ; and it may be 

 that this form, after all, is his R. concamerata^ in which the 

 arenaceous layer has been retained ; while the calcareous one 

 still presents the nautiloid spire of chambers inside^ as in R. 

 arenacea. Thus, as I have before stated ('Annals,' 1877), 

 the arenaceous test may be as much perforated as the original 

 calcareous one, whose pores or perforations may for some time 

 be seen through it, although, from the heterogeneous character 

 of the material in every respect, they cannot be so regular or 

 so distinct. I have made a similar statement before regarding 

 the perforated state of arenaceous tests termed by authors 

 "imperforate" ('Annals,' 1877, vol. xix. pp. 204, 205, 

 pi. xiii. figs. 7/ and 23-29). In short, it seems to me to be 

 an axiom that every Foraviinifer possessing a calcareous, may 

 have an arenaceous representative test, which also seems to hold 

 good among the sponges, wherein the same form may at one 

 time belong to the Psammonemata and at another to the 

 Rhaphidonemata, &c. ; that is, the fibre in the first instance 

 may be axiated with foreign bodies, and in the second with 

 bodies (spicules) formed by the sponge itself (' Annals,' 

 1875, vol. xvi. p. 126, Notes Introductory to a Study of the 

 Spongida) . 



Here, too, I might allude to Squamularia varians (' Annals,' 

 1870, vol. V. p. 321, pi. V. fig. 1, &c.), which, having appeared 

 to me to be the " arenaceous representative " of Max 

 Schultze's genus, justified this name. All are aware that 

 Max Schultze in liis ' Organismus,' &c., and Dr. Carpenter, in 

 his ' Introduction,' took the form to which Max Schultze 

 gave the name " Squamulina " for the basis of their classifi- 

 cations, on account of its simplicity ; but Max Schultze's 

 specimen was smooth, imperforate, and calcareous, as the 

 original diagnosis points out, viz. : — " Schale einer plancon- 

 vexen, flachen Linse gleichend, mit der planen Seite festge- 

 heftet, kalkig, eine einfache, ungetheilte Hohlung einschlies- 

 send. Eine grosscre Oeffnung auf der convexen Seite • feine 

 Poren fehlen " (' Organismus der Polythalamien,' Foramini- 

 feren, 1854, p. 56, Tab. vi. figs. 16, 17). Hence objections 



