dredged up from the G idf of Manaar . 365 



have been made to my nomenclature ; but if I am right in 

 assuming the " axiom " just mentioned, then 8. varians is 

 as much a Squamidina as the smooth (glatt) calcareous test 

 first observed by Max Schultze on the sides of " the glass " at 

 Ancona. Polymorpha silicea^ which Max Schultze also 

 found at this place, and has figured next to his Squamulina 

 levis [op. cit. Tab. vi. fig. 10), is an arenaceous form of 

 D'Orbigny's calcareous Foraminifer, and therefore an in- 

 stance in point. 



Perhaps I may be also pardoned for again introducing 

 Squamulina scopida [Haliphysema Tumanowiczii^ ^k-)? which 

 most observers will not admit to be a species of Squamulina. 

 Thus Mobius, in his late valuable work on Foraminifera of 

 the Mauritius (' Beitrage zur Meeresfauna der Insel Mauritius 

 und der Seychellen, mit 14Tafeln, 1880,' a copy of which he 

 kindly sent me) , observes at p. 75, "Da aber Bowerbank's 

 Haliphysema mit Schwammnadeln und diesen ahnlichen 

 Fremdkorpern besetzt war, so durfte sie dem Schultze'schen 

 Gattungsbegriff Squamulina nicht untergeordnet werden, 

 sondern sie musste als eine eigene Thiergattung erhalten 

 bleiben." But in his arrangement Squamulina scojmla 

 {Haliphysema Tumanoiciczii^ Bk.) is placed at the com- 

 mencement (that is, at the bottom of his Foraminifera) , under 

 the heading " Imperforata ;" so that at least it would come 

 7iear to Squamidina. Still, from what I have stated about the 

 perforation of arenaceous tests being, mutatis mutandis^ the 

 same as that of the poriferous calcareous ones, and his figures 

 of " Haliphysema Tumanowiczii " (Taf. i. fig. 4) actually 

 representing an extension of the sarcode in pseudopodiform 

 filaments from all parts of its arenaceous test, I am still more 

 at a loss to conceive how this kind of test generally can be 

 called " imperforate." 



Admitting, then, for argument that Squamidina scopula 

 should form a distinct genus under the term ^^ Haliphysema^^ 

 it may be asked, " upon what grounds is this done when its 

 podal disk so closely represents Squamulina varians that this 

 part must be considered the test^ and the erect development a 

 prolongation in this form of the oral aperture?" This may 

 b« answered by another question, viz. " Was Carpenteria^ in 

 1858, so named from a similar prolongation of its oral aper- 

 ture to that of Squamulina scopula, which was not discovered 

 until 1877 (' Annals,' vol. xx. p. 68) ?" Then it is the test, 

 and not the appendages, which should afford the generic name ; 

 hence I cannot help thinking that Squamidina varians and 

 S. scopula, which abound here together on the root of Lami- 

 naria bulbosa, are, with perhaps a very slight approach to a 



