28 



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The dotted space in the bases represents concrete or any other base. 

 The space above is sand or pebbles. 



brass, and as soon as it is well melted, 

 quickly push the ends of the lead pipe 

 together. This will enclose the brass 

 tube and make a perfect joint. If you 

 cannot obtain the brass tubing, the ends 

 of the lead pipe may be cut clean and 

 joined with a piece of close-fitting rub- 

 ber tubing on the outside. If the rubber 

 tubing joint is used, see that it is in the 

 section under the water. It lasts better 

 there. We now have a closed piece of 

 pipe, but all hot water systems need a 

 method of allowing for the expansion 

 of water and for replacing the water 

 which is vaporized by the heat; also the 

 vapor itself has to be dis])osed of. For 

 this purpose, an open funnel is soldered 

 into the pipe at the highest point on the 

 turn where it goes into the acjuarium 

 after leaving the flame. Drill a hole at 

 this point. It can easily be done with a 

 pen-knife and the sides made straight 

 bv running a nail or other implement 

 around the hole a few times. Make the 

 hole as large as the inside diameter of 

 ntimber of positions so as to gel the 



water in all parts. After it is once filled 

 the pipe. Take the sheet zinc and form 

 it into a funnel about two inches high; 

 solder this funnel together on the seam, 

 then wire it into position on the lead 

 pipe and solder it fast to same. The 

 wiring is only put on temporarily in 

 order to hold it in place while soldering. 

 The system is now ready to fill, but 

 this is not as easily done as might at 

 first be imagined. Fill the funnel with 

 water, get a fountain-pen dropper, place 

 it in the bottom of the funnel as far as 

 possible and j^inch the bulb repeatedly 

 until all the water in the funnel is forced 

 into the tube. Kee]) this u]) as long as 

 any air can be sucked into the dropper 

 while there is water in the funnel. When 

 vou can get no more air into the drop- 

 l)cr, your svstem is proV:)ably full; now 

 put vour flame under the coil, ll the 

 water in the funnel l:)ecomes violently 

 agitated, it shows that the water is l)oil- 

 ing and that vour system is not lull. 

 Sometimes it ma\' be necessary to take 

 it otT the atiuarium and hold it in a 



