T H E 



A Q I A K 1 L 31 



•^ 



number three (without copper wires in- 

 serted), 19 degrees; number four, 30 de- 

 grees; number five; 18 degrees; and 

 number six, 1(3 degrees. 



Two tests were made with no cover on 

 the aquarium. This brought the tem- 

 perature down three or four degrees. 



Tests on numbers one and two with 

 a half inch of sand over the heating sur- 

 faces showed the eftlciency was lowered 

 about two degrees. 



For the best results, the flame must 

 be set in the proper position. This 

 position varies somewhat with the differ- 

 ent systems. In number two (the metal 

 disc of lead) the tip of gas flame should 

 touch the metal. Oil flame a trifle lower 

 down. For number one (the inverted 

 pan) and flame should be about one-half 

 inch below heating surface of pan. With 

 the heating tube (Fig. Ill) the flame 

 ought to be about half in the opening 

 and half below. The three different coil 

 systems produce best results with center 

 of flame directly below the pipe on its 

 second turn, and high enough up so as 

 to nearly touch, or touch very lightly, 

 the pipe on first turn. This, then, is 

 not directly in the center of the coil. In 

 this way the heat strikes vigorously 

 against three points before it finally es- 

 capes through top of spiral. If much of 

 the flame comes in contact with the 

 metal, it interferes with perfect com- 

 bustion and results in the unpleasant 

 smell frequently noted where gas heat- 

 ing is used. 



Water Hyacinths 



By H.AKRV PETHKS, Phihidclphia. 



In the Fall water hyacinths are a glut 

 on the market. Although all goldfish 

 breeders are anxious to have them in 

 large quantities in the Spring it is im- 

 possible with (jrdinary facilities to carr\- 



over more than a few, and these de- 

 generate very nuich in size. Also those 

 which can be purchased in the Spring 

 are apt to be small. By proper treat- 

 ment, these small plants can be brought 

 up in size and multiplied in numbers so 

 as to greatly increase the stock of spawn- 

 ing plants at the time they are needed. 

 My plan is to start in early February. 

 I use a wooden tub, place a 2-inch layer 

 of fresh horse manure in the bottom, 

 cover it with 3 or 4 inches of sand and 

 then put in water so as to cover the 

 sand to a depth of about 5 inches, so 

 that the longer roots may be inserted in 

 the sand. The tub should be kept in a 

 fairly warm place and where it will re- 

 ceive as much light as possible. In three 

 weeks the roots have doubled in length 

 and new plants have budded out. If 

 kept in the tub the plants will produce 

 a continuous bloom all Summer, if the 

 older plants are occasionally removed to 

 make room for the new ones, for it is 

 on the younger plants that the blossoms 

 principally occur. 



A List of Aquarium Fish and the Mini- 

 mum Temperatures to Maintain 

 Them in Perfect Health 



(.After K. Stansch.) 



By WM. KOPP, Chicago. 



1. — Family of Centrarchida, or Sunfishes. . 12 C — 50° F 



2. — Makropodus Specie?', TrichogasierLtlijis.\(^° C — 61° F 



3. — Trichogaster Fasciaius, Osphroneuiis. 



Anabas, Bet la. Ctenops 20° C— 68° F 



4. — Family Fa-cilliid,t : 



Girardtnus, Ciaml'iisia, Jenynsia 15° C — 59° F 



Pa-cilia. Mollienesia 20° C 68° F 



Fundulus Fa/ 1 id us. F. Chrysostus. ... 18° C — 65° F 



West African Ftindnlus Species 22° C — 71° F 



Cvprinodon. R'iviihis, CynoleOuif 20° C— 68° F 



Haptochilus 20° 0—68° F 



=, ^Barbfls, Danio. Capoeta 18° C— 65° F 



(,. — Pyrrhulina. Pseudocor\nopo}na. I'ctra- 



g-onoptenis '. 20° C— 68° F 



7 — Japanese Goldlish 16" C — 61° F 



Common Goldfish 12° 0—50° F 



8. — Cichlidd : 



Chanchito 16° 0— 61° F 



Geopliagus. FaratiLipia. J'liapia. Ciih- 



lasoma, Ncotropltis 18° 0—65° F 



HemicliroDiis. Acara. Helcrogramma .2V>° C — 68° F 

 '■ — Family Siluridu (Catfish): 



Calhchthys 16° 0—61° F 



Fiiiiclodiis. Otoaiu-tiis Ficxiiis 22° O— 71°F 



