346 Canon A. M. Norman — Notes on the 



sea. With Sea Lapps Norwegians occasionally intermarry, 

 but very rarely with Nomadic Lapps, When on my voyage 

 north we stopped at Hammerfest, a Norwegian companion 

 with whom I became acquainted on board lionized me through 

 this most northern town in the world, showing me its reservoir, 

 fountain, buildings, &c. It was Sunday morning. The bell 

 was ringing for service, and the Sea Lapps were trooping to 

 it ; their dress was extremely pretty and picturesque, consisting 

 of white flannel bound with crimson or bright blue. I was 

 much pleased with the place, and resolved on my homeward 

 journey to stop there for a week's dredging. The entire town, 

 with all its warehouses and churcli, was built of wood. Only 

 a week later news came to us at Vadso that the whole town 

 had been destroyed by fire. When the steamer touched there 

 on my return voyage not a single house or building remained. 

 The coal-heap by the wharf was still burning ; all else was 

 blackness and ruin. I went to where the church had stood, 

 and there found and brought away a piece of the melted bell 

 which I had heard summoning the Lapps to their morning 

 service. 



There is an affinity between the languages of the Lapps 

 and Quains j but they differ entirely from all other European 

 languages, the nearest perhaps being Hungarian. 



Norway is, as it were, a skeleton. Denudation during the 

 Glacial Epoch has been carried to an extreme ; almost all 

 sedimentary rocks have been swept off into the sea, and 

 primary rocks for the most part alone remain. It is this 

 which gives such a peculiar facies to the scenery within 

 vision, for as we steam along the entire coast roches 

 moutonnees everywhere meet the eye. Here and there, of 

 course, some sedimentary rocks are still to be found. One 

 of the most important deposits in northern Norway is on the 

 outlying island of Ando, lat. 69°, which is at the northern 

 extremity of Nordland. In this island there is a small 

 Jurassic deposit characterized by such fossils as Ammonites, 

 Belemnites Blainvillei^ Desh., and brevi'cornis, Voltz, Gr2/- 

 phcea dilatata, Sow., several Pectens, Lima duplicata, Sow., 

 Astarte excavata, Sow., Scleropteridium DahllioMUvi, Heer, 

 Finns JSordenshioldi, Heer, P. micropliylla^ Heer, &c., &c. 

 There is also here a seam of inferior coal. 



Other small deposits of secondary rocks occur here and 

 there on the islands to the north of this ; but on the mainland 

 up to Hammerfest and tlie North Cape we meet with igneous 

 rocks, gneiss, granite, and serpentine. At the North Cape 

 first appears a series of rocks of unknown horizon called tlie 



