568 Canon A. M. Norman — Notes on the 



of great value to thq student. Smitt was hij^hly conservative 

 with respect to nomenclature, in so far that he adopted 

 existing genera, enlarging or' altogether altering their cha- 

 racters so that they might embrace the species with which 

 he was dealing. Indeed, he formed only one new genus — 

 Ana7'thropora — among the Cheilostomata. Moreover, he 

 instituted very few new species, distributing most of the 

 interesting new varieties which he found, as well as many 

 previously described species, under existing names, not 

 calling these freshly acquired Polyzoa varieties, but '' formoi." 



Now it is not far from the truth to say that in the opinion 

 of recent writers these " form,ce," with few exceptions, are 

 regarded as entitled to specific rank. This is, however, of 

 course, a mere matter of opinion, and his work renunus a 

 most valuable contribution to our knowledge of the Poly/oa. 

 He was, moreover, the ])ioneer who maintained that among 

 the Escharine and Lepralian groups the form which the 

 zoarium assumes is of little value as affording generic or 

 specific characters in comparison with the structure of the 

 individual zooecia which make up the zoarium, and in the 

 application of this principle he took his characters from the 

 several features of the zooecium and its appendages. Soon 

 after the publication of his work, through the kindness of 

 Prof. Loven and Herr Smitt I received in exchange from 

 the Stockholm Museum a very full series of the Polyzoa 

 which were described in the latter's monograph ; and these 

 specimens have been of very great value in enabling me to 

 positively determine certain forms. 



Smitt, in the work referred to and in his "^ Bryozoa marina 

 in regionibus arcticis etborealibus viventia," ffiiVers. k. Vet.- 

 Akad. Forh. (1867) 1868, p. 443, recorded eighty species 

 and '^formae^^ from Finmark, but there is no means of 

 knowing in what part of Finmark they had been found. 



"While Danielssen supplies one or two East Finmark 

 species, our previous knowledge of the Polyzoa of the district 

 is due to papers by Herr O. Nordgaard ; one of these is 

 ''Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, Polyzoa," I'JOO, 

 and the others " Systematisk fortegnelse over de i Norge 

 'hidtil observerede arter af marine Polyzoa, I. Cheilostomata," 

 Bergens Mus. Aarbog, 1895, and " II. Cyclostomata," ibid. 

 1896. 



The ' History of British Marine Polyzoa ' is a work of the 

 greatest value and importance on the species of our fauna. 

 It is unfortunate that some of the genera which Mr. Hincks 

 founded mainly on the form of the oral opening were so 

 loosely characterized that they admitted forms which have 



