Natural History of East Finmarh. 597 



crust; in front of this a considerable portion of the area, 

 typically trifoliate, but sometimes semielliptic or subrotund, 

 is covered only by a thin membrane, at the distal extremity 

 of which is situated the simple oral opening. Margin o£ 

 zooecium thickened, often granulated, sometimes bearing a 

 pair (or more) of lateral spines ; oral spines found in young- 

 specimens. Reproduction by means of prominent ooccia. 

 Sessile avicularia often present, sometimes one, sometimes 

 two on the hinder portion of the zocEcium. Pore-chambers : 

 two pairs of lateral and one distal. 



The pore-chambers are very conspicuous in M. Flemingi'i, 

 but narrow and difficult to see (if always present ?) in 

 M. tri folium. 



37. ^ Amphiblestrum trifoVmin (Busk). (PL XIII. fig. 6.) 



S vol veer, Lofoten Islands ; not yet found in East Finmark. 

 Other specimens in my collection are from Shetland, type 

 and var. quadrat a {A. M. N.) ; Wick, N.B,, var. qaadrata 

 {C. Peach); Adriatic as " M. Fleminyii" [Prof. Heller); 

 Bergen Fiord, Norway {A. M. N.) ; Greenland (' Valorous,' 

 1875) ; Gulf of St. Lawrence [IVhiteaves). 



Genus Ramphonotus, Norman, 189L 



Type, Ramphonotus minax (Busk). 



The zooecia, if developed freely in form, are pyriform, 

 widening upwards from the base, with a calcareous portion 

 l^osterior to, and occupying a larger part of the front wall 

 than that of, the membranous portion ; the membranous 

 portion of the area is nearly as wide as long, and often some- 

 what trifoliate in shape, the mouth-opening is simple and, 

 as usual, close to its anterior margin ; the border surrounding 

 the membranous area is calcareous. There may be lateral 

 spines. Ooecia large, globose, and imperforate. An acute 

 bird^s-beak-like avicularium mounted on a pedicel, with 

 acute mandible of large size (often monstrously so), would 

 seem to be habitually developed on the adult zooecium, 

 situated on the central portion of the zooecium on, or imme- 

 diately behind, the hinder margin of the area. [Zoarium 

 incrusting in type species.] Pore-chambers : two pairs of 

 lateral and one distal — the former very narrow and rarely 

 extending beyond the side walls ; the latter small and 

 apparently sometimes not present. 



38. Ramphonotus minax (Busk). (PI. XIII. fig. 7.) 



1807. Memhranipora Fleiniiujii, forma miiuw, Smitt, " Kritisk For- 

 teckuing, tlicc." p. 3(37, pi. xx. tigs. 4o, 44. 



