Ndtiiral Ilistorij of East Finmark. HI 



two words being- merely the pre-LiiiTiean commencement of 

 his diagnosis; he gives also a figure b, " a piece of an Italian 

 coral.'' Ellis refers to Ray as above. 



Linne, m the tenth edition of the ' Systema Nat arse,' 1758, 

 has an " Eschara foliaceaj" but this is what we now know as 

 Fiustra foliace.a, and at ]). 790 Ray and Ellis's species appears 

 under the name Millepora cellalosa. In his ' Fauna Suecica,' 

 edit, altera, 1761, he drops the genus Eschara altogether, 

 and substitutes Flustra for certain species. 



Pallas, in his admirable ' Elenchus Zoophytorum/ 1766, 

 restores Eschara, blaming Linne for having substituted 

 Flustra: " Eschar ae nomen nuper ab 111. Liunseo, sine nulla 

 necessitate, cum Flustrce nova appellatione commutatum est 

 (Faun. Suec. ed. ii.). Ego vero idem servare malui, cum 

 antiquitate et commuui autorum consensu ita innotuisse 

 videatur, ut nulla confusio inde oriri possit, saltem non tanta, 

 ut ad molestam et damnosam nominum arbitrariam commu- 

 tationem ideo confugiendum esse credam." In Pallas's work 

 we have Ellis's species under the name Eschara fascialis, 

 with two varieties, (a) the Mediterranean fascialis, (b) the 

 broad-lobed British foi'm lamellosa. 



Linne, in Syst. Nat. ed. xii. 1768, gives us the name 

 Millepora fascialis. 



In Solauder and Ellis, 1786, we find Millepora follacea, 

 and Millepora fascialis, Linn., as a synonym. 



Lamarck {' Systeme des Animaux sans vertebres,' 1801, 

 p. 375) re-established Eschara, giving as his first species 

 Eschara follacea, with references to Ellis and Solander and 

 Ellis. 



Moll, in ' Eschara ' (or ' Die Seerinde '), 1803, gives us on 

 pi. i. excellent figures of what he names Eschara fascialis 

 and its variety lamellosa. 



From the tmie of publication of Lamarck's work of 1801 

 our largest British Cheilostomous Polyzoon has been known 

 as the type of the genus Eschara (a genus dating back to 

 1724, when it was supposed to be of vegetable origin). But 

 as used by Pallas in company with Cellalaria these two 

 genera included almost all the Cheilostomous Polyzoa known 

 to him, and Eschara embraced such creeping forms as 

 Eschara [Electra] pilosa and Eschara [Microporella) cillata. 

 The genus was restricted by Lamarck, and if, in his characters, 

 he inserted one which was not in accordance with our present 

 existing ideas, the characters should have been emended, not 

 the genus destroyed ; if genera were so treated none would 

 exist after some years. Two forms described by Pallas of 

 his Eschara fascialis 1 believe to be really varieties, and not 



