116 Canon A. M. Norman — Kotes on the 



are discovered to be buried beneath it. The aviculariura of 

 Porella princeps cannot be seen from the front, and in order 

 to have it revealed more clearly I decalcified the upper layers 

 of this very strongly walled massive species. The result was 

 that I not only laid bare the avicularium, but also an ooscium 

 of normal form over a zocecium (PL IX, fig. 11). This 

 led me to treat in a similar manner two other species remark- 

 able for the massiveness of their front wall, and of which no 

 ocecia were known ; the result was the revelation of a very 

 similar buried ooecium in Schizoporella cruenta (Norman) 

 (PL IX. fig. 13) and in MonoporeUa spinulifera, Hincks 

 (PL IX. fig. 12). These ooecia cannot be rare in these 

 species, inasmuch as in each case the treatment of a single 

 small fragment of the species sufficed to make known their 

 existence. 



"ESCHAROIDES/' " EsCHARELLa/'' " MuCRONELLA." 



Escharoides, H. M. -Edwards (Lamarck, ed. 1836, pp. .218 

 & 259), embraced many species. Of these species Gray, 1848, 

 made Cellepora cocdnea, Abildgaard, the type (Cat. Brit. 

 Radiata, p. 124j. Authors are not agreed as to the species 

 which Abildgaard described, some supposing it toheventricosa, 

 Hassall, or immersa, Fleming { = Peachii, Johnston), while 

 others regard it, as English authors have done, as the appensa 

 of Hassall. But there can be no doubt as to the species 

 intended by both Milne-Edwards and Gray, since both give 

 references to the coccinea of Fleming and of Johnston. 

 Therefore in any division of the genus Mucronella, Hincks, 

 which removes coccinea { = appensa) from it, that species 

 should be placed in the genus Escharoides. 



Escharella, Gray, 1848 (not Escharellu, d'Orbigny, 1850, 

 nor Escharella, Smitt), contained three species — immersa, 

 Fleming [■=Peachii, Johnston) , I'io/acea, Johnston, and vario- 

 losa, Johnston ; the first and third of these point to this 

 genus as another which had claim to have been used by 

 Hincks when he instituted the genus Mucronella, which thus 

 at the time of its creation was a synonym of two other 

 genera which he included within it. Mucronella is a pecu- 

 liarly appropriate name for the immersa section, but unfor- 

 tunately it must yield to the earlier Escharella. 



As long ago as 1879 Verrill saw the necessity of breaking 

 up the genus Mucronella (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1879, p. 195), 

 and proposed to use Escharoides for the ventricosa section 

 and Mucronella for appensa {coccinea) and allies ; but such a 

 use of Hincks's genus Mucronella cannot be made, since he 



