413 Canon A. M. Norman — Notes on the 



Echinodermata," Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. xx. p. 46, pi. iv. 



figs. 2 a, b, 

 1868. Eclmiusoma Mspidum, Semper, Reisen in Arcliipel der Philip- 



pinen, vol. ii. Holothurien, p. 44, pi. x. tigs. 7, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16. 

 1868. Eiqyyrgus scaber, iid. ibid. p. 268. 

 1886. Evpyryiis scaler, Tlieel, Kepoit ' Challenger ' Exped., Holo- 



thuroidea, pt. 2, p. 49. 



I dredged this species, wliicli is new to the Norwegian 

 coast, in the Varanger Fiord, in 125-150 fathoms, and also 

 in Bog Fiord in 100-120 fathoms. It had been obtained by 

 the ' Voringen ' in the sea to the north of East Finmark 

 (Stat. 267), and has a distribution ranging from Labrador 

 and Greenland to Spitsbergen and Barents and Kara Seas. 



The calcareous deposits in the test of Eupyryus scahcr 

 have not been well figured, and I therefore now illustrate them. 

 It is true that Barrett "^ figured two deposits which he re- 

 ferred to this species ; but if they belonged to it at all, they 

 were certainly abnormal. I have been unable to find any 

 such irregular forms either in a type specimen from Green- 

 land received from Dr. Liitken soon after he described the 

 species or in these East Finmark specimens which I have 

 now taken. 



These calcareous deposits (fig. 2) consist of tables which are 

 round or nearly so, with irregular margin, perforated with 

 about twenty to twenty-five openings with simple margins, the 

 openings around the base of the spine being larger than those 

 outside them, and generally oval in form, while the smaller 

 outer holes are round ; the spire is very long (fig. 3), longer 

 than the diameter of the table from the centre of which it 

 rises ; it gradually tapers to a point which is rough or slightly 

 spinous at the point ; it is built up of three rods, which are 

 united to each other by about four cross-bars. The surface 

 of the test is densely clothed with these tables which are 

 situated in it, while the spires are projected freely from the test 

 (fig. 1) . The genus Eupyrcjus beiug entirely devoid of feet, it 

 is not improbable that these spires of the calcareous plates may 

 in some degree supply a help to locomotion through the mud\, 

 aided by the muscular movements of the animal^s body ; but 

 no doubt they arc primarily a means of defence^ as well as 

 serve the purpose of strengthening the cutis. 



* The Holothurian which Barrett described as Eupyryus Jdspidns is, of 

 course, no Eupyryus, but must be called EckinocucMuui hispidns (Barrett), 

 = Echhwcucmnis typivus,^L Sars ; hu.t Echmosoma Mspiduni of . temper is 

 tlie present species. 



