NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARGRAVE 5 



beams which would contribute to the historical sequence established 

 shortly before from living trees in the forest about Flagstaff, Arizona. 

 This chronology had been extended back to about A. D. 1260. Pre- 

 historic beams which were brought in by the first field party and 

 additional timbers sent in from Pueblo Bonito, Aztec, Mesa Verde, 

 and other ruins, provided enough material for an extended exami- 

 nation. By 1927 two prehistoric chronologies independent of the 

 historical ring-record had been evolved, the one from Pueblo Bonito 

 and Aztec beams, and the second from timbers obtained in Citadel 

 ruins, Mesa Verde, and others. In 1928 the Pueblo Bonito and 

 Citadel chronologies were united by specimens from Betatakin and 

 Keet Seel, two northern Arizona cliff dwellings. Thus a prehistoric 

 but independent sequence of more than 580 years was established. 



During early spring of 1928, the Second Beam Expedition started 

 its search for timbers to link the two existing chronologies. A careful 

 survey of the Hopi villages indicated that available beams there were 

 not sufficiently old. Then, in order to discover such ruins as were 

 neither too old nor too recent, recourse was taken to pottery to serve 

 as a guide in the further selection of sites for examination. Prelimi- 

 nary studies by Doctor Douglass and Mr. Lyndon L. Hargrave of pot- 

 tery types, in which a sequence of development was evident, and of 

 associated dated timbers soon revealed the fact that for a certain 

 form of decorated orange-red pottery no dates were available, 

 whereas older and more recent pottery types could be assigned either 

 relative or absolute dates. Supposedly, then, the undated orange-red 

 pottery fell in the gap which separated the two chronologies. Hence, 

 ruins where such pottery was plentiful might possibly supply the 

 needed timbers. 



.A reconnaissance of sites in the Little Colorado River drainage in 

 the spring of 1929 resulted in the selection of the following four ruins 

 for investigation : Kin Tiel to the northeast of Holbrook, Arizona ; 

 Kokopnyama in the Jadito Valley ; Showlow and Pinedale ruins in the 

 pine forest of the Mogollon Plateau 50 miles south of Plolbrook. On 

 these sites the Third Beam Expedition centered its activities, Mr. 

 Lyndon L. Hargrave working first at Showlow ruin with the writer 

 and later in Kin Tiel and Kokopnyama, while the writer continued ex- 

 cavations in Showlow and Pinedale ruins. The findings of the two 

 units of the expedition, collateral to the search for beams, are given 

 in this joint paper. 



The Third Expedition was successful in recovering timbers which 

 tied together the historic and prehistoric chronologies, thus carrying 



