NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARCRAVK IQ 



at coursing. The walls frequently show flat curves or slight offsets, 

 but, whatever their appearance, they were invariably plastered with 

 clay. 



The building stone in Showlow ruin is exclusively of buff-colored 

 sandstone of Carboniferous age, broken from out-cropping ledges 

 nearby. In all types of masonry, the walls averaged a foot in thick- 

 ness ^ and were laid up with an abundance of clay mortar. 



The living rooms are approximately square; ii by 12 feet are 

 measurements frequently recorded. The largest room opened by us was 

 rectangular, measuring 11 by 17 feet. Floors are uniformly of hard 

 packed clay and unbroken except for a slab-lined firebox, about a 

 foot square and 8 or 10 inches deep, located near the center of each 

 room. The rooms apparently were entered through hatchways as no 

 side entrances were found. In several rooms we encountered frag- 

 ments of large sandstone slabs perforated with a hole large enough to 

 admit the passage of a man. Their position in the fallen roof material 

 suggests that they were used as door frames. In one instance a 

 rounded slab, large enough to close the hatchway, was found in asso- 

 ciation with the fragments of such a door frame. 



Details of roof construction could not be learned with any degree of 

 accuracy since in most cases the charred fragments of ceiling beams 

 were too limited and in an extremely disorderly condition. If we may 

 judge, however, from the impressions in burned roof clay, two methods 

 of covering the principal supporting beams were pursued. In one case, 

 reeds laid at right angles over the main beams formed the filling 

 material, on top of which a final layer of clay was put down. In the 

 second method, pine planks were substituted for the reeds. These 

 planks, roughly split from logs, measure from 4 to 8 inches in width 

 and I to 2 inches in thickness. 



Kivas were not encountered by us, nor does Mr. Whipple, from 

 our description to him, recall that he uncovered any in the course 

 of his excavations. The depression in the south plaza was apparently 

 judged to be a circular estufa by Bandelier.^ An exploratory test in 

 this depression failed to show the flagstone floor which is almost 

 invariably associated with kivas. If, however, this low place actually 

 marks the site of a kiva, in all probability it is rectangular instead of 

 round. All kivas uncovered thus far in late pre-Spanish ruins in this 



* Bandelier's statement that the walls were 0.20 m. (about 8 inches) thick- 

 was probably based on few measurements, as he did not excavate in Showlow 

 ruin. 



^ Bandelier, A. F., 1892, p. 392. 



