28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 82 



6 inches in horizontal diameter and the orifice formed by a small 

 vertical neck is but f inch in diameter. The lugs are squared and 

 the sides of the vessel are depressed immediately below the lugs 

 to allow more space for the passage of a cord. The black paint is 

 dull, applied in an all-over design except for a small circular area 

 at the bottom. The rim is edged with black dots. Canteens of a 

 similar type have also been found on the Gila River in the region of 

 San Carlos and in the Tonto Basin.' 



The bowl is not round but elongated ; apparently it was compressed 

 before or during the faring process. Its greatest diameter is 10 inches. 

 The heavy walls terminate in a flattened rim and a slightly over-turned 

 lip. The background is gray rather than a dead white as in the 

 canteen, and the design is in a flat black paint. 



The Chaco-like black-on-white ware is most certainly the older of 

 the two black-on-white types from the lower level. The terminal date 

 for Pueblo Bonito given by Doctor Douglass^ is A. D. 11 27, but it 

 reached its heyday in 1067. Hence, possibly by 1067, certainly before 

 1 127, the Chaco' influence was extended southwestward as far as the 

 Silver Creek drainage. Its presence should therefore be expected in 

 sites which antedate the lower Showlow level. That this condition 

 actually exists was clearly demonstrated by Roberts during the 

 summer of 1929 in his work on a pit house and early pueblo site on 

 the old Long H ranch, 20 miles north of St. Johns. He reports ' that 

 the pottery from both the pit houses and the surface pueblo is distinctly 

 related to the Chaco Canyon cultures. In the Showlow lower level, the 

 pottery of Chaco affinity was decidedly on the wane and pottery 

 suggesting Upper Gila influence was springing into prominence. By 

 about 1290, as we found at Pinedale, the former had entirely lapsed 

 and the latter, whose exact relation needs yet to be established, was 

 strongly reflected in the dominant black-on-white ware. In all 

 probability the culture represented by it, first in the lower Showlow 

 level and later more strongly at Pinedale, is subordinate in this region 

 and an extension from the parent stock to the southeast. 



Fragments of black-on-red pottery are extremely rare in lower 

 level debris. Rim sherds of a number of individual bowls (fig. 5), 

 however, illustrate the existence of a fairly uniform type. Several 

 of the sherds were found built into the walls of the dwellings of the 

 first occupation. This may signify that a still older horizon to which 



* These specimens are to be found in the Arizona State Museum, Tucson. 

 ^Douglass, A. E., December, 1929, p. 767. 

 ^ By personal letter of January 27, 1930. 



