52 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL, 82 



floor was only 4 inches lower than those of adjoining rooms. Thus 

 the structure was not subterranean as is usually the case. The guiding 

 depression in reality was due to the greater amount of accumulated 

 debris from two-story structures to the north and south of the kiva. 

 A single-storied room separated the kiva from the plaza. The bulge 

 and separation in the west wall which has already been mentioned, 

 the fact that the floors of the adjacent living rooms and that of the 

 kiva were almost on the same level, and the proximity of the latter to 

 the domiciles, lead to the inference that the kiva was incorporated 

 into that part of the village by remodeling existing living rooms. 

 Corroborative evidence of this is derived from the dates of charcoal. 

 A series of pieces which cover a period of time between 1132 and 1231 

 are probably parts of beams that were originally in the rooms and 

 subsequently re-used in the kiva. The latest dates ranging between 

 1293 and 1330 probably cover the actual construction time. 



Thus, by the aid of datable charcoal, we know that this rectangular 

 kiva was in use soon after 1300. It is too early yet to say when the 

 transition from the round to the rectangular form took place. We 

 gain a comparative idea from the two circular pre-Hawikuh kivas 

 excavated by Hodge. Associated with these he found black-on-white, 

 black-on-red often with white exterior patterns, and finely corrugated 

 pottery.* These types correspond with those found in the lower 

 stratum at Showlow, for which we gave a tentative minimum date of 

 1204. Hence, in ruins which were occupied between about A. D. 1200 

 and 1300, we might expect to find the transitional forms. 



In its general features the Pinedale kiva has points in common with 

 those uncovered by Hargrave " at Kokopnyama. The most outstanding 

 dift'erence is in the position of the platform. In the old Hopi kivas, 

 built before the coming of the Spaniard, this feature usually occurs 

 on the southerly side and across the shortest dimension of the 

 chamber, whereas in the Pinedale kiva the platform is along the 

 longest side to the east. The Pinedale kiva does not show the jogs at 

 the platform end which Hargrave believes to be a characteristic 

 feature of Hopi kivas. The rectangular kiva in Hawikuh which was 

 abandoned and filled after the arrival of the Spaniards and later 

 uncovered by Hodge ' also has the platform and the air duct on the 

 south side. 



.^r/z'/ac^.?.— Comparatively few artifacts were recovered from the 

 kiva. Two loom blocks (pi. 18, fig. i) found on the platform at the 



' Hodge, F. W., 1923, p. 28. 

 "See pages 103-116, hereinafter. 

 ^ Hodge, F. W., 1922, pp. 9-10. 



