NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARGRAVE 73 



The Showlow ruin and possibly the one at Pinedale originated as 

 small, loosely arranged buildings of probably not more than a dozen 

 rooms. The remains of small sites of this description are plentiful 

 in the region, especially along Showlow Creek. Their existence is 

 indicative of a time when the settlements were generally small; the 

 buildings were apparently not more than one story high and not 

 closely knit. Tests in the northeast section of the Showlow ruin 

 brought to light the foundations of one of these early settlements. 

 The associated pottery types are black-on-white of San Juan (Chaco) 

 affiliation, a very small percentage of redware with dull black 

 interior and white exterior designs, and corrugated ware of relatively 

 fine technique. These types arc in marked agreement with those 

 found in the small communities not far afield. 



Judging by the pottery found in them, the small sites seem to have 

 been evacuated almost simultaneously not long before the decorated 

 redware became plentiful. Such concordant action is .almost cer- 

 tainly the result of a disorder, the cause of which might well be 

 attributed to the influx of nomadic and predatory people. Just when 

 this disorder, or whatever it was that motivated the change, took 

 place, we cannot yet say positively as none of the small sites has been 

 explored for wood specimens. However, on the strength of the evi- 

 dence secured in the lower level at Showlow, we venture the assertion 

 that it was prior to A. D. 1200, for by about that time a greater 

 amount of decorated redware and black-on-white of southern deri- 

 vation is present. The paucity of these types in the small ruins would 

 place their abandonment at a somewhat earlier time. 



The concentration of the population in a few chosen pueblos intro- 

 duced problems before unknown. As a consequence, the move- 

 ment was attended by an accelerating force and a stimulus in the 

 development of certain cultural traits. Extensive structural additions 

 to the villages were demanded in order to accomodate all. Rooms 

 were compactly arranged side by side and one above the other. Thus, 

 it seems, the true pueblo came into existence in this region.* In 

 ceramics, the few types which showed exterior influences were modi- 

 fied and fused and native types underwent relatively rapid changes 

 to produce highly localized forms. 



We find that the Showlow and Pinedale pueblos attained their 

 largest size during the 14th century. The Pinedale pueblo experienced 

 a major building period in the last decades of the 13th century but 



' The pueblo idea, however, was not original, for structures of that type had 

 been in existence for several hundred years previous in the San Juan. 



