NO. II PUEBLO RUINS IN ARIZONA HAURY AND HARGRAVE 75 



shows a signal increase in quantity and several rather abrupt depar- 

 tures from features of the lowest horizon form. The bowls have 

 become shallower, black plays an important part in exterior designs, 

 and white sometimes in interior patterns. This form, referred to as 

 Pinedale polychrome, has been shown to be antecedent and leading 

 up to the typical Four-mile polychrome as here described. Its time 

 of appearance is certainly not later than the last decades of the 13th 

 century. This period also marks the invention or the introduction 

 of black glaze paint which was used on both white and red wares, 

 without an appreciable change in decorative style. During this second 

 stage practically all of the pottery made, except the corrugated, was 

 decorated. External relations were largely to the south with the people 

 of the Middle Gila, and to a lesser degree to the east with old Zuni 

 and north with the old Hopi cultures. 



By 1375, black-on-white pottery was practically non-existent. Its 

 rather sudden disappearance may ■ be explained by an intense local 

 specialization of the decorated redware or Four-mile polychrome. The 

 basic differences between the latter and its ancestral form are: a 

 deeper red slip covering the paste ; a poorer, gritty black paint but 

 still basically a glaze ; exterior continuous patterns in black and white ; 

 and generally unbalanced geometric units and life patterns on the 

 interior fields of design, also executed in black and edged with white. 

 Guided by Fewkes' finds at Four-mile ruin, we may say that the use 

 of life patterns in bowls became more prevalent in the most recent 

 forms of Four-mile polychrome. Relatively few are noted in bowls 

 from the Showlow ruin and more from Four-mile which was aban- 

 doned after Showlow. The last phases of Four-mile polychrome at its 

 type site are contemix)rary with Jeddito black-on-yellow and the three- 

 color Tonto polychrome,^ and then, rather suddenly apparently, it 

 passed out of existence. Interrelations at the close of the last period 

 were increasing with the Zuni and Hopi areas although contacts with 

 the Gila are still represented. 



At this point it is well to insert a brief discussion of the age 

 of lead glaze in the Pueblo region in the light of the exjx^dition's 

 discoveries. Some investigators are of the opinion that the glaze 

 technique is acultural and not indigenous ; that it was obtained from 

 the Spaniards or even from Mexico later than the Conquest. Other 

 explorers, however, have given glaze decoration a pre-Spanish status 

 on the basis of stratigraphy. To this latter contention our evidence is 

 directly corroborative. Not only does stratigraphy at Showlow and 



' The Medallion, 1930, pp. 8-9, pi. VI. 



